School of Nursing, Cheju Halla University, Jeju, Korea.
Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021006. doi: 10.4178/epih.e2021006. Epub 2021 Jan 3.
This cross-sectional study based on the health belief model investigated predictors of anticipated coping behavior at myocardial infarction (MI) symptom onset using secondary data from the 2017 Korea Community Health Survey.
Modifying variables (socioeconomic, health knowledge, perceived threat) were selected as independent variables and anticipated coping behavior at MI symptom onset as the dependent variable. Calling 911 was classified as the correct anticipated coping behavior, while visiting a hospital or an oriental hospital, calling family, and others were classified as incorrect.
Of 227,740 participants, 83.2% reported correct anticipated coping behaviors. The likelihood of calling 911 was low if participants experienced atypical symptoms (jaw, neck, back, arm, and shoulder pain), even if they were aware of those symptoms. However, 69.9% of participants who were aware of typical symptoms (chest pain) stated that they would call-911. Sex, age, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and awareness of MI symptoms affected the correct anticipated coping behavior.
Correct coping abilities among the general public are vitally important for early treatment of MI patients and reduction of hospitalization time. Members of the general public in their 20s and 30s, 60 years of age or older, with cardiovascular risk factors (male sex, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity), and who are not aware of MI symptoms should be educated about the typical and atypical symptoms of MI. Emergency medical services should be called without delay if needed, and public relations activities should be carried out to raise awareness that anyone can use emergency medical services.
本横断面研究基于健康信念模型，利用 2017 年韩国社区健康调查的二级数据，调查了心肌梗死（MI）症状发作时预期应对行为的预测因素。
选择修正变量（社会经济、健康知识、感知威胁）作为自变量，MI 症状发作时的预期应对行为作为因变量。拨打 911 被归类为正确的预期应对行为，而前往医院或东方医院、致电家人和其他人则被归类为错误的预期应对行为。
在 227740 名参与者中，83.2%报告了正确的预期应对行为。如果参与者经历了非典型症状（下巴、颈部、背部、手臂和肩部疼痛），即使他们意识到这些症状，拨打 911 的可能性也很低。然而，69.9%意识到典型症状（胸痛）的参与者表示他们会拨打 911。性别、年龄、高血压、血脂异常、肥胖和对 MI 症状的认识影响了正确的预期应对行为。
普通公众正确的应对能力对于 MI 患者的早期治疗和减少住院时间至关重要。20 多岁和 30 多岁、60 岁或以上、有心血管危险因素（男性、高血压、血脂异常和肥胖）且不了解 MI 症状的普通公众应接受 MI 的典型和非典型症状教育。如有需要，应立即拨打紧急医疗服务电话，并开展宣传活动，提高公众意识，即任何人都可以使用紧急医疗服务。
