Shojaei Sarallah, Farhadloo Roohollah, Aein Afsaneh, Vahedian Mostafa
Nekoei Hospital, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
J Tehran Heart Cent. 2016 Oct 3;11(4):181-186.
Reducing blood pressure through diet decreases the possibility of heart attacks, and lowering blood cholesterol can reduce the risk of coronary artery disease. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of education based on the Health Belief Model on the dietary behavior of patients following coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) at the Heart Surgery Department of Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Qom. In this semi-experimental clinical trial, data were collected on 64 patients, at an average age of 59.9 ± 7.26 years in the intervention group and 58.5 ± 7.6 years in the control group. Seventy percent of the study subjects were male and 30% were female. Intervention and control groups were given a questionnaire, comprising 56 questions in 5 parts. The educational intervention was aimed at creating perceived susceptibility and perceived severity in the intervention group. After 1 month. Both groups were tested, and the resulting data were analyzed to investigate the effects of the educational intervention on the nutritional knowledge and behavior of the patients. According to the results, educational intervention caused a significant increase in the mean scores of knowledge (p value = 0.001), perceived severity (p value = 0.007), and perceived benefits and barriers (p value = 0.003) in the intervention group but did not cause a significant increase in the mean score of nutritional behavior (p value = 0.390). Education based on the Health Belief Model seems to be effective in improving nutritional knowledge, but more consistent and comprehensive educational programs are necessary in order to change behavior and improve nutritional behavior.
通过饮食降低血压可降低心脏病发作的可能性，降低血液胆固醇可降低冠状动脉疾病的风险。本研究的目的是在库姆市沙希德·贝赫什提医院心脏外科，检验基于健康信念模型的教育对冠状动脉搭桥手术（CABG）患者饮食行为的影响。在这项半实验性临床试验中，收集了64例患者的数据，干预组患者平均年龄为59.9±7.26岁，对照组患者平均年龄为58.5±7.6岁。研究对象中70%为男性，30%为女性。干预组和对照组均接受了一份问卷，问卷由5个部分的56个问题组成。教育干预旨在使干预组产生感知易感性和感知严重性。1个月后，对两组进行测试，并对所得数据进行分析，以研究教育干预对患者营养知识和行为的影响。结果显示，教育干预使干预组的知识平均得分（p值=0.001）、感知严重性（p值=0.007）以及感知益处和障碍（p值=0.003）显著提高，但未使营养行为平均得分显著提高（p值=0.390）。基于健康信念模型的教育似乎对提高营养知识有效，但需要更持续和全面的教育项目来改变行为并改善营养行为。
