Choi Bong Seok
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021 Feb;64(2):60-67. doi: 10.3345/cep.2020.00717. Epub 2021 Jan 6.
Eosinophils are a type of granulocyte with eosinophilic granules in the cytoplasm that play an important role in allergic and parasitic diseases. Eosinophils are important in the pathogenesis of asthma, and many studies have examined the relationship between them. In allergic eosinophilic asthma, eosinophils act not only as important effector cells but also as antigen-presenting cells in allergic inflammatory reactions. In nonallergic eosinophilic asthma, type 2 innate lymphoid cells in the airways play an important role in eosinophil activation. Direct methods, including bronchial biopsy, bronchoalveolar lavage, and the induced sputum test, are used to evaluate eosinophilic inflammatory reactions in patients with asthma, however, because of difficulty with their implementation, they are sometimes replaced by measurements of blood eosinophils, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide, and serum periostin level. However, these tests are less accurate than direct methods. For the treatment of patients with severe eosinophilic asthma, anti-interleukin-5 preparations such as mepolizumab, reslizumab, and benralizumab have recently been introduced and broadened the scope of asthma treatment. Although eosinophils are already known to play an important role in asthma, we expect that further studies will reveal more details of their action.
嗜酸性粒细胞是一种粒细胞，其细胞质中含有嗜酸性颗粒，在过敏性疾病和寄生虫病中起重要作用。嗜酸性粒细胞在哮喘的发病机制中很重要，许多研究都探讨了它们之间的关系。在过敏性嗜酸性粒细胞性哮喘中，嗜酸性粒细胞不仅作为重要的效应细胞，而且在过敏性炎症反应中作为抗原呈递细胞发挥作用。在非过敏性嗜酸性粒细胞性哮喘中，气道中的2型固有淋巴细胞在嗜酸性粒细胞活化中起重要作用。直接方法，包括支气管活检、支气管肺泡灌洗和诱导痰试验，用于评估哮喘患者的嗜酸性粒细胞炎症反应，然而，由于实施困难，它们有时被血液嗜酸性粒细胞测量、呼出一氧化氮分数和血清骨膜蛋白水平测量所取代。然而，这些检测方法不如直接方法准确。对于重度嗜酸性粒细胞性哮喘患者的治疗，最近引入了抗白细胞介素-5制剂，如美泊利单抗、瑞利珠单抗和贝那利珠单抗，拓宽了哮喘治疗的范围。尽管嗜酸性粒细胞在哮喘中的重要作用已为人所知，但我们预计进一步的研究将揭示其作用的更多细节。
