Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol. 2020 Winter;69(4):182-188.
Despite health literacy being an important assumption for maintaining a healthy population, there are not many studies focusing on health literacy concerning HIV infection among adolescents in the Czech Republic and among Czech authors. In contrast, there are plenty of scientific papers and researches focused on awareness and susceptibility of adolescents in most affected regions of the world, Sub-Saharan Africa and India particularly. Adolescents belong to a high-risk group of the population. Education is one of the most important factors that influence the level of risk of HIV infection. However, increasing health literacy is only implemented in some types of secondary schools in the Czech Republic. The goal of this study is to verify health literacy concerning HIV infection among adolescents in two types of Czech secondary schools (grammar school and vocational school) in two Czech regional cities (Plzeň and České Budějovice). To determine the level of health literacy of HIV infection, a questionnaire (13 open and 9 closed questions) was compiled. A descriptive cross-sectional study was implemented among students (N = 1 942) of 16 chosen schools in two cities of the Czech Republic in 2015. The questionnaire was pre-tested and it took about 15 minutes to complete. The association was tested by a chi-square test, the averages were then compared with an independent t-test, the p-value (0,05) was used in all tests. Most of the students (67,3%) had good health literacy about HIV/AIDS, statistically significant differences were found between students of grammar schools and vocational schools (p = 0,012). Differences were also found between men and women (p = 0,037). The respondents showed the best knowledge about transmission (94,3%), the poorest about epidemiological questions (18,3%). Gender and the type of school had a statistically significant influence on the level of knowledge (gender x2; p = 0,042, types of a school x2; p = 0,031). In this cross-sectional study, women studying at grammar schools had the best knowledge of HIV/AIDS. In contrast, the lowest level of knowledge was found in men studying in vocational schools. The school types and gender had a statistically significant influence on the level of knowledge. However - knowledge is not enough. To reduce infection risk potential will mean to help adolescents to transform knowledge into diminishing of their risky behaviour. The implementation of prevention in all types of schools is crucial for the reduction of exposure from HIV infection. We consider educating adolescents about sexually transmitted diseases important. Despite that our research showed differences among schools and gender. Those differences can make a particular group be more at risk of being infected. Based on the findings, it would be suitable to unify and improve the approach to the education of this topic in all types of schools and to target preventive and educational techniques to boys more, since men are the biggest group of the HIV positive people in the Czech Republic.
尽管健康素养对于维持人口健康至关重要，但针对捷克青少年和捷克作者的 HIV 感染健康素养的研究并不多。相比之下，针对世界上大多数受影响地区（特别是撒哈拉以南非洲和印度）青少年的意识和易感性，有大量的科学论文和研究。青少年属于人口中的高风险群体。教育是影响 HIV 感染风险水平的最重要因素之一。然而，在捷克共和国的一些类型的中学中，仅实施了提高健康素养的措施。本研究的目的是在捷克的两个地区城市（普日布拉姆和捷克布杰约维采）的两种类型的捷克中学（文法学校和职业学校）中，检验青少年对 HIV 感染的健康素养。为了确定 HIV 感染健康素养的水平，我们编制了一份问卷（13 个开放式和 9 个封闭式问题）。2015 年，在捷克共和国的两个城市的 16 所选定学校的学生（N=1942）中，进行了一项描述性的横断面研究。问卷进行了预测试，大约需要 15 分钟完成。使用卡方检验检验关联性，然后使用独立 t 检验比较平均值，所有检验均使用 p 值（0.05）。大多数学生（67.3%）对 HIV/AIDS 有较好的健康素养，文法学校和职业学校的学生之间存在统计学上的显著差异（p=0.012）。男女之间也存在差异（p=0.037）。受访者在传播途径方面表现出最好的知识（94.3%），在流行病学问题方面表现出最差的知识（18.3%）。性别和学校类型对知识水平具有统计学上的显著影响（性别 x2；p=0.042，学校类型 x2；p=0.031）。在这项横断面研究中，文法学校的女学生对 HIV/AIDS 的了解最好。相比之下，在职业学校学习的男生知识水平最低。学校类型和性别对知识水平有统计学上的显著影响。然而，知识是不够的。为了降低感染风险，意味着帮助青少年将知识转化为减少危险行为。在所有类型的学校中实施预防措施对于减少 HIV 感染的暴露至关重要。我们认为，对青少年进行性传播疾病的教育很重要。尽管我们的研究显示了学校和性别之间的差异。这些差异可能使特定群体面临更大的感染风险。基于这些发现，适合在所有类型的学校中统一和改进该主题的教育方法，并更多地针对男孩开展预防和教育技术，因为在捷克共和国，男性是 HIV 阳性人群中最大的群体。
