Chory Ashley, Gillette Emma, Callen Grant, Wachira Juddy, Sam-Agudu Nadia A, Bond Keosha, Vreeman Rachel
Arnhold Institute for Global Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
Center for Global Health, Indiana University School of Medicine - Lafayette, West Lafayette, IN, United States.
Front Reprod Health. 2023 Jun 26;5:1154395. doi: 10.3389/frph.2023.1154395. eCollection 2023.
This review seeks to critically analyze studies assessing gender differences in HIV-related knowledge among adolescents and young people in low- and middle-income countries.
Using PRISMA guidelines and searching Pubmed and Scopus online databases, the search strategy combined search keywords with Boolean operators: (HIV OR AIDS) AND (knowledge) AND (gender) AND (adolescents). AC and EG conducted the search and independently reviewed all articles in Covidence software; conflicts were resolved by GC. Articles were included if they evaluated differences in HIV knowledge in at least two groups ages 10-24 and were implemented in a low or middle-income country.
The search resulted in 4,901 articles, of which fifteen studies, implemented in 15 countries, met selection criteria. Twelve evaluated differences in HIV knowledge in school settings; three evaluated participants in clinic settings. Adolescent males consistently scored higher in composite knowledge scores, as well as knowledge of HIV transmission, prevention, attitudes and sexual decision-making.
We found gender-based discrepancies between knowledge, perception of risk and HIV prevalence among youth globally, with boys consistently scoring higher in HIV knowledge. However, there is significant evidence that social and cultural contexts render girls at high risk of HIV infection, and the gaps in girls' knowledge and boys' roles in HIV risk must be addressed urgently. Future research should consider interventions that facilitate discussion and HIV knowledge building across genders.
本综述旨在批判性地分析评估低收入和中等收入国家青少年和年轻人中与艾滋病相关知识的性别差异的研究。
采用PRISMA指南并检索PubMed和Scopus在线数据库，检索策略将检索关键词与布尔运算符相结合：（艾滋病毒或艾滋病）与（知识）与（性别）与（青少年）。AC和EG进行检索并在Covidence软件中独立审查所有文章；冲突由GC解决。如果文章评估了至少两个年龄在10 - 24岁的组中艾滋病知识的差异并且在低收入或中等收入国家实施，则纳入这些文章。
检索得到4901篇文章，其中在15个国家开展的15项研究符合入选标准。12项评估了学校环境中艾滋病知识的差异；3项评估了诊所环境中的参与者。青少年男性在综合知识得分以及艾滋病传播、预防、态度和性决策知识方面的得分始终较高。
我们发现全球青年在知识、风险认知和艾滋病流行率方面存在基于性别的差异，男孩在艾滋病知识方面的得分始终较高。然而，有大量证据表明社会和文化背景使女孩面临感染艾滋病的高风险，必须紧急解决女孩知识方面的差距以及男孩在艾滋病风险中的作用。未来的研究应考虑促进跨性别讨论和艾滋病知识构建的干预措施。
