Lewis T, Osborn L M, Lewis K, Brockert J, Jacobsen J, Cherry J D
Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah Medical School, Salt Lake City.
Am J Dis Child. 1988 Mar;142(3):283-6. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1988.02150030053018.
To assess the magnitude and cause of decreasing diphtheria, tetanus toxoids, and pertussis (DTP) immunization rates, a retrospective cohort study investigated the immunization status against pertussis among 1-year-old children in Utah. Questionnaires were sent to the parents of 2975 children born in June 1985. Parents were asked about each child's DTP immunization status, including the number, type, and dates of the vaccinations, reasons for or against vaccination, and their knowledge of whooping cough and the vaccine. Children were considered adequately immunized against pertussis when they had received three DTP vaccinations by their first birthday. In Utah, the lack of pertussis immunization among young children is a serious problem: greater than 30% of 1-year-old children were not adequately protected. Accurate parental knowledge about the relative risks of vaccination and illness was associated with a greater likelihood for immunization. Although some parents chose to forego the vaccination because they were concerned about its side effects, the most common reason for incomplete immunization was illness at the time the vaccination was to be given. If immunization rates are to improve, health care professionals must not only make an effort to educate the general population regarding the vaccine, but they must also ensure immediate follow-up for immunization when the procedure is delayed.
为评估白喉、破伤风类毒素及百日咳（DTP）疫苗接种率下降的幅度及原因，一项回顾性队列研究调查了犹他州1岁儿童的百日咳免疫状况。向1985年6月出生的2975名儿童的家长发放了调查问卷。询问家长每个孩子的DTP疫苗接种状况，包括接种次数、疫苗类型和日期、接种或不接种的原因，以及他们对百日咳和该疫苗的了解情况。1岁儿童在满周岁前接种过3剂DTP疫苗，则被视为百日咳免疫充分。在犹他州，幼儿百日咳免疫不足是个严重问题：超过30%的1岁儿童未得到充分保护。家长对疫苗接种和患病相对风险的准确认知与更高的接种可能性相关。尽管一些家长因担心疫苗副作用而选择不接种，但未完成全程免疫的最常见原因是计划接种时孩子生病。若要提高疫苗接种率，医护人员不仅必须努力向公众普及疫苗知识，还必须确保在接种程序延误时能及时跟进接种。
