State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Plant Science Center, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
J Integr Plant Biol. 2021 Apr;63(4):613-627. doi: 10.1111/jipb.13069. Epub 2021 Mar 8.
Recent breakthroughs in transcriptome analysis and gene characterization have provided valuable resources and information about the maize endosperm developmental program. The high temporal-resolution transcriptome analysis has yielded unprecedented access to information about the genetic control of seed development. Detailed spatial transcriptome analysis using laser-capture microdissection has revealed the expression patterns of specific populations of genes in the four major endosperm compartments: the basal endosperm transfer layer (BETL), aleurone layer (AL), starchy endosperm (SE), and embryo-surrounding region (ESR). Although the overall picture of the transcriptional regulatory network of endosperm development remains fragmentary, there have been some exciting advances, such as the identification of OPAQUE11 (O11) as a central hub of the maize endosperm regulatory network connecting endosperm development, nutrient metabolism, and stress responses, and the discovery that the endosperm adjacent to scutellum (EAS) serves as a dynamic interface for endosperm-embryo crosstalk. In addition, several genes that function in BETL development, AL differentiation, and the endosperm cell cycle have been identified, such as ZmSWEET4c, Thk1, and Dek15, respectively. Here, we focus on current advances in understanding the molecular factors involved in BETL, AL, SE, ESR, and EAS development, including the specific transcriptional regulatory networks that function in each compartment during endosperm development.
近年来，转录组分析和基因特征的突破为玉米胚乳发育程序提供了有价值的资源和信息。高时间分辨率转录组分析为了解种子发育的遗传控制提供了前所未有的机会。使用激光捕获显微切割进行的详细空间转录组分析揭示了四个主要胚乳区室中特定基因群体的表达模式：胚乳基部转移层（BETL）、糊粉层（AL）、淀粉胚乳（SE）和胚周围区（ESR）。尽管胚乳发育转录调控网络的整体图景仍然不完整，但已经取得了一些令人兴奋的进展，例如鉴定出 OPAQUE11（O11）作为连接胚乳发育、养分代谢和应激反应的玉米胚乳调控网络的中心枢纽，以及发现与盾片相邻的胚乳（EAS）作为胚乳-胚对话的动态界面。此外，已经鉴定出几个在 BETL 发育、AL 分化和胚乳细胞周期中发挥作用的基因，例如 ZmSWEET4c、Thk1 和 Dek15 分别。在这里，我们重点介绍了目前在理解 BETL、AL、SE、ESR 和 EAS 发育中涉及的分子因素方面的进展，包括在胚乳发育过程中每个区室中起作用的特定转录调控网络。
