Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, U.S.A.
Department of Microbiology, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, U.S.A.
Biochem Soc Trans. 2021 Feb 26;49(1):297-311. doi: 10.1042/BST20200606.
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) transmitted by the sand fly and is a major public health problem worldwide. Infections caused by Leishmania clinically manifest as a wide range of diseases, such as cutaneous (CL), diffuse cutaneous (DCL), mucosal (MCL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The host innate and adaptative immune responses play critical roles in the defense against leishmaniasis. However, Leishmania parasites also manipulate the host immune response for their survival and replication. In addition, other factors such as sand fly salivary proteins and microbiota also promote disease susceptibility and parasite spread by modulating local immune response. Thus, a complex interplay between parasite, sand fly and the host immunity governs disease severity and outcome. In this review, we discuss the host immune response during Leishmania infection and highlight the factors associated with resistance or susceptibility.
利什曼病是一种由沙蝇传播的被忽视的热带病（NTD），是全球主要的公共卫生问题。由利什曼原虫引起的感染在临床上表现为多种疾病，如皮肤利什曼病（CL）、弥漫性皮肤利什曼病（DCL）、黏膜利什曼病（MCL）和内脏利什曼病（VL）。宿主固有和适应性免疫反应在抵御利什曼病方面起着关键作用。然而，利什曼原虫寄生虫也通过操纵宿主免疫反应来生存和复制。此外，沙蝇唾液蛋白和微生物群等其他因素也通过调节局部免疫反应促进疾病易感性和寄生虫传播。因此，寄生虫、沙蝇和宿主免疫之间的复杂相互作用决定了疾病的严重程度和结果。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了利什曼原虫感染期间宿主的免疫反应，并强调了与抗性或易感性相关的因素。
