CARC, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan.
TARC, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Fukushima, Japan.
PLoS One. 2021 Jan 15;16(1):e0245217. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245217. eCollection 2021.
Integrated weed management (IWM) is currently the most appropriate and effective method of agricultural weed control. To determine the most effective strategy, it is necessary to compare the effects of different control options and their rotation. Avena fatua (common wild oat) is one of the most common and economically threatening grass weed species of cereal crops worldwide. To examine the effects of non-chemical weed management options (farmland use, delayed sowing, and summer irrigation) on control of A. fatua, we recorded coverage levels and field conditions in 41 sites during the spring growing season of winter wheat for about 10 years. A transition matrix model was then constructed to project coverage levels of A. fatua under each management option using ordinal logistic regression. The results showed that farmland use had a remarkable effect on coverage; notably, planting of paddy rice and vegetables, which respectively eliminated the effect of coverage in the previous year and facilitated rapid convergence of coverage to 0%. Thus, although 90% of fields under continuous wheat cultivation were found to be at risk of A. fatua colonization, the risk was reduced to almost 0% with rotation of effective farmland use. As summer irrigation was also effective, more than 50% of wheat fields with the option continuously converged to no risk for A. fatua colonization. When the different management cycles were repeated, the effects were observed within 3 years, with a steady state reached in less than 10 years. Overall, these results suggest that simplified monitoring data could help decision-making on IWM, thereby helping to improve the efficiency of agricultural production.
综合杂草管理（IWM）是目前农业杂草控制最恰当和最有效的方法。为了确定最有效的策略，有必要比较不同控制选项及其轮作的效果。野燕麦（普通野燕麦）是世界范围内谷类作物中最常见和经济上威胁最大的禾本科杂草之一。为了研究非化学杂草管理选项（农田使用、延迟播种和夏季灌溉）对控制 A. fatua 的效果，我们在大约 10 年的时间里，在冬小麦春季生长季节的 41 个地点记录了覆盖水平和田间条件。然后，使用有序逻辑回归构建了一个转移矩阵模型，以根据每个管理选项预测 A. fatua 的覆盖水平。结果表明，农田使用对覆盖水平有显著影响；值得注意的是，种植水稻和蔬菜，分别消除了前一年的覆盖效果，并促进了覆盖水平迅速收敛到 0%。因此，虽然连续种植小麦的 90%的农田发现有 A. fatua 定植的风险，但通过有效农田轮作，风险降低到几乎为 0%。由于夏季灌溉也有效，超过 50%的选择连续灌溉的麦田对 A. fatua 定植的风险降低到几乎为 0%。当不同的管理周期重复时，效果在 3 年内观察到，不到 10 年内达到稳定状态。总体而言，这些结果表明，简化的监测数据可以帮助 IWM 的决策，从而有助于提高农业生产效率。
