Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Carretera Antigua a Coatepec No. 351, Congregación el Haya, CP 91070, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
J Proteomics. 2021 Mar 20;235:104112. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104112. Epub 2021 Jan 13.
Avocado is a nutritious and economically important fruit, generating significant income for exporter countries. Recently, by-products of this fruit such as seeds and peels, have raised interest in different industries. However, the biochemical features of the nutraceutical value of these tissues have not been analyzed using molecular approaches during the postharvest shelf life (PSL). We carried out comparative proteomics using tandem mass tagging (TMT) and synchronous-precursor selection (SPS)-MS. We analyzed testa, cotyledon, and embryo axes from avocado seeds at detachment from the tree (unripe), and after five (breaker) and ten days (ripe) of PSL. We identified 1968 proteins, from which 933 were specific to the testa, 167 to the embryo axis, and 23 to the cotyledon. The testa had a more dynamic proteome than the other tissues, resembling similar stress responses to those observed in peel tissues, such as down-accumulation of translational machinery, cell wall catabolism and synthesis of secondary metabolites. In contrast, the up-accumulation of the biosynthesis of l-glutamine, L-isoleucine, and l-serine was observed in all tissues. Our study provides the basic biochemical and physiological features of avocado seed during PSL and demonstrates that avocado seed tissues could potentially be used as a costless source of high-value compounds. SIGNIFICANCE: Avocado seed as a fruit by-product is a source of different valuable molecules, including those with nutraceutical properties. During PSL, several biochemical and physiological modifications occur in this dispersal unit, which also includes the alteration of several key metabolites' content. However, the proteome profile associated with different metabolic pathways that regulate the inner content of seed metabolites has not been previously studied. Our tissue-specific proteomics TMT-SPS-MS-based provides the first evidence of molecular and physiological changes in avocado tissues during PSL delivering fundamental knowledge of this organ. In this vein, the modulation of secondary metabolites, amino acid, and sugar metabolism of avocado tissues during PLS can encourage these by-products exploitation in multiple industries.
鳄梨是一种营养丰富且经济重要的水果，为出口国带来了可观的收入。最近，这种水果的副产品，如种子和果皮，引起了不同行业的兴趣。然而，在采后货架期（PSL）内，这些组织的营养保健品价值的生化特征尚未通过分子方法进行分析。我们使用串联质量标记（TMT）和同步前体选择（SPS）-MS 进行了比较蛋白质组学分析。我们分析了鳄梨种子从树上分离时（未成熟）、PSL 后 5 天（破裂）和 10 天（成熟）的种皮、子叶和胚胎轴。我们鉴定了 1968 种蛋白质，其中 933 种特异性存在于种皮中，167 种特异性存在于胚胎轴中，23 种特异性存在于子叶中。种皮的蛋白质组比其他组织更具动态性，类似于在果皮组织中观察到的类似应激反应，例如翻译机制、细胞壁分解和次生代谢物合成的下调积累。相比之下，在所有组织中观察到 L-谷氨酰胺、L-异亮氨酸和 L-丝氨酸生物合成的上调积累。本研究提供了 PSL 期间鳄梨种子的基本生化和生理特征，并表明鳄梨种子组织可能是有成本效益的高价值化合物的来源。意义：鳄梨种子作为水果副产品是不同有价值分子的来源，包括具有营养保健品特性的分子。在 PSL 期间，这个分散单元会发生几种生化和生理变化，其中还包括几种关键代谢物含量的改变。然而，调节种子代谢物内部含量的不同代谢途径的蛋白质组谱尚未得到研究。我们基于 TMT-SPS-MS 的组织特异性蛋白质组学提供了 PSL 期间鳄梨组织分子和生理变化的第一证据，为该器官提供了基础知识。在这种情况下，PSL 期间鳄梨组织中次生代谢物、氨基酸和糖代谢的调节可以鼓励在多个行业中利用这些副产品。
