Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Km 9.5 Carr, Morelia-Zinapécuaro, Posta Veterinaria, Michoacán, C.P. 58893, Morelia, México.
Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Posgrado en Biociencias, Universidad de Guanajuato, 36500, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México.
Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2021 Jun;76(2):133-142. doi: 10.1007/s11130-021-00887-7. Epub 2021 Mar 11.
Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is a tree native from central and eastern México that belongs to the Lauraceae family. Avocado has three botanical varieties known as Mexican (P. americana var. drymifolia), West Indian (P. americana var. americana), and Guatemalan (P. americana var. guatemalensis). It is an oil-rich fruit appreciated worldwide because of its nutritional value and the content of bioactive molecules. Several avocado molecules show attractive activities of interest in medicine. Avocado fatty acids have beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease risk factors. Besides, this fruit possesses a high content of carotenoids and phenolic compounds with possible antifungal, anti-cancer and antioxidant activities. Moreover, several metabolites have been reported with anti-inflammatory effects. Also, an unsaponifiable fraction of avocado in combination with soybean oil is used for the treatment of osteoarthritis. The Mexican variety is native from México and is characterized by the anise aroma in leaves and by small thin-skinned fruits of rich flavor and excellent quality. However, the study of the bioactive molecules of the fruit has not been addressed in detail. In this work, we achieved a literature review on the inflammatory, immunomodulatory and cytotoxic properties of long-chain fatty acids and derivatives from Mexican avocado seed. Also, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the oil extracted from the avocado seed are referred. Finally, the antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and cytotoxic activities of some antimicrobial peptides expressed in the fruit are reviewed.
鳄梨（Persea americana Mill.）原产于墨西哥中部和东部，属于樟科植物。鳄梨有三个植物品种，分别为墨西哥品种（P. americana var. drymifolia）、西印度品种（P. americana var. americana）和危地马拉品种（P. americana var. guatemalensis）。鳄梨是一种富含油脂的水果，因其营养价值和生物活性分子含量而受到全球的喜爱。几种鳄梨分子具有吸引人的医学应用价值。鳄梨脂肪酸对心血管疾病的危险因素有有益的影响。此外，这种水果含有丰富的类胡萝卜素和酚类化合物，具有潜在的抗真菌、抗癌和抗氧化活性。此外，已经报道了几种具有抗炎作用的代谢产物。此外，鳄梨与大豆油的不可皂化物部分用于治疗骨关节炎。墨西哥品种原产于墨西哥，其特征是叶子有茴香味，果实皮薄、味道浓郁、品质优良。然而，关于该水果生物活性分子的研究尚未详细开展。在这项工作中，我们对墨西哥鳄梨种子中的长链脂肪酸及其衍生物的抗炎、免疫调节和细胞毒性特性进行了文献综述。此外，还提到了从鳄梨种子中提取的油的抗氧化和抗炎特性。最后，综述了一些在果实中表达的抗菌肽的抗菌、免疫调节和细胞毒性活性。
