Witry Matthew J, Arya Vibhuti, Bakken Brianne K, Gaither Caroline A, Kreling David H, Mott David A, Schommer Jon C, Doucette William R
College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, NY 11439, USA.
Pharmacy (Basel). 2021 Jan 13;9(1):20. doi: 10.3390/pharmacy9010020.
National Pharmacist Workforce Studies (NPWS) have been conducted in the U.S. every five years since 2000. This article describes the online survey methods used for the latest NPWS conducted in 2019 and provides an assessment for nonresponse bias. Three waves of emails containing a link to the online survey were sent to a random sample of about 96,000 pharmacists licensed in the United States. The survey asked about pharmacist employment, work activities, work-life balance, practice characteristics, pharmacist demographics and training. A total of 5467 usable responses were received, for a usable response rate of 5.8%. To assess for nonresponse bias, respondent characteristics were compared to the population of U.S. pharmacists and a benchmark, while a wave analysis compared early and late respondents. The pharmacist sample-population comparison and the benchmark comparison showed that the NPWS respondents had a higher percentage of female pharmacists and a lower proportion of young pharmacists compared to the population of U.S. pharmacists and the benchmark sample. In some contrast, the wave analysis showed that the early respondents had a higher percentage of males and older pharmacists compared to the late respondents. Both the wave analysis and the benchmark comparison showed that the NPWS respondents (and early respondents) had a lower percent of pharmacists with a PharmD degree than did the late respondents and the benchmark group. These differences should be considered when interpreting the findings from the 2019 NPWS.
自2000年以来，美国每五年进行一次全国药剂师劳动力研究（NPWS）。本文描述了2019年进行的最新NPWS所使用的在线调查方法，并对无应答偏差进行了评估。向约96000名在美国获得执照的药剂师随机样本发送了三轮包含在线调查链接的电子邮件。该调查询问了药剂师的就业情况、工作活动、工作与生活的平衡、执业特点、药剂师的人口统计学特征和培训情况。共收到5467份有效回复，有效回复率为5.8%。为了评估无应答偏差，将受访者特征与美国药剂师总体及一个基准进行比较，同时进行波次分析以比较早期和晚期受访者。药剂师样本与总体的比较以及与基准的比较表明，与美国药剂师总体和基准样本相比，NPWS受访者中女性药剂师的比例更高，年轻药剂师的比例更低。相比之下，波次分析表明，与晚期受访者相比，早期受访者中男性和年长药剂师的比例更高。波次分析和基准比较均表明，与晚期受访者和基准组相比，NPWS受访者（以及早期受访者）中拥有药学博士学位的药剂师比例更低。在解释2019年NPWS的结果时应考虑这些差异。
