School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 13;18(2):637. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18020637.
Health risk factors such as tobacco smoking, inadequate fruit intake, inadequate vegetable intake, risky alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, obesity, anxiety and depression often commence during adolescence and young adulthood. Vocational education institutions enrol many students in these age groups making them an important setting for addressing multiple health risk factors. This systematic review examined (i) co-occurrence of health risk factors, (ii) clustering of health risk factors, and (iii) socio-demographic characteristics associated with co-occurrence and/or clusters of health risks among vocational education students. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL and Scopus were searched to identify eligible studies published by 30 June 2020. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed methodological quality using the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Quality Assessment Tool. Five studies assessed co-occurrence and three studies clustering of health risks. Co-occurrence of health risk factors ranged from 29-98% and clustering of alcohol use and tobacco smoking was commonly reported. The findings were mixed about whether gender and age were associated with co-occurrence or clustering of health risks. There is limited evidence examining co-occurrence and clustering of health risk factors in vocational education students. Comprehensive assessment of how all these health risks co-occur or cluster in vocational education students is required.
健康风险因素，如吸烟、水果摄入不足、蔬菜摄入不足、危险饮酒、缺乏身体活动、肥胖、焦虑和抑郁，通常在青少年和青年时期开始出现。职业教育机构招收了许多这个年龄段的学生，使他们成为解决多种健康风险因素的重要场所。本系统评价研究了（i）健康风险因素的同时发生，（ii）健康风险因素的聚类，以及（iii）与职业教育学生健康风险同时发生和/或聚类相关的社会人口学特征。为了确定合格的研究，研究人员检索了截至 2020 年 6 月 30 日发表的 MEDLINE、PsycINFO、EMBASE、CINAHL 和 Scopus 数据库。两名评审员独立提取数据，并使用美国国立心肺血液研究所质量评估工具评估方法学质量。五项研究评估了健康风险的同时发生，三项研究评估了健康风险的聚类。健康风险因素的同时发生率为 29-98%，并且经常报告酒精使用和吸烟的聚类。关于性别和年龄是否与健康风险的同时发生或聚类有关，结果存在差异。目前关于职业教育学生中健康风险因素同时发生和聚类的证据有限。需要全面评估所有这些健康风险在职业教育学生中是如何同时发生或聚类的。
