Aceijas Carmen, Waldhäusl Sabrina, Lambert Nicky, Cassar Simon, Bello-Corassa Rafael
Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs Hendon, Town Hall Extension Building, UK.
Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, UK.
Perspect Public Health. 2017 Jul;137(4):227-236. doi: 10.1177/1757913916666875. Epub 2016 Sep 5.
The aim of this study was to investigate students' health-related lifestyles and to identify barriers and social determinants of healthier lifestyles.
An online survey, two focus groups and three in-depth interviews across 2014/2015. A stratified by school size and random sample ( n = 468) of university students answered a 67-item questionnaire comprising six scales: Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity, Rapid Eating and Activity Assessment for Patients-Short Version, CAGE, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale short version, and ad hoc scale for drug use/misuse. Stratified by gender, χ tests were run to test associations/estimate risks and three multivariate Logistic Regression models were adjusted. A thematic approach guided the analysis of qualitative data.
A total of 60% of the respondents were insufficiently physically active, 47% had an unbalanced diet and 30% had low mental wellbeing. Alcohol drinkers versus abstinent were almost equally distributed. A total of 42% of alcohol drinkers reported getting drunk at least once a month. Smokers accounted for 16% of the respondents. Identified risk factors for suboptimal physical activity were as follows: being a woman, not using the university gym and smoking. Risk factors for unbalanced diet were low mental wellbeing and drug use. Poor mental wellbeing was predicted by unbalanced diet, not feeling like shopping and cooking frequently, and a lack of help-seeking behaviour in cases of distress. Qualitative analysis revealed seven thematic categories: transition to new life, university environment and systems, finances, academic pressure, health promotion on campus and recommendations.
This study provides robust evidence that the health-related lifestyles of the student population are worrying and suggests that the trend in chronic diseases associated with unhealthy lifestyles sustained over years might be unlikely to change in future generations. University students' health-related lifestyle is a concern. Nine out of the identified 10 predictors of problematic physical activity, nutrition and mental wellbeing, were environmental/societal or institutional barriers. Universities must expand corporate responsibilities to include the promotion of health as part of their core values.
本研究旨在调查学生与健康相关的生活方式，并确定更健康生活方式的障碍和社会决定因素。
在2014/2015年期间进行了一项在线调查、两个焦点小组讨论和三次深入访谈。对按学校规模分层的随机样本（n = 468）大学生进行了一项包含67个项目的问卷调查，该问卷包括六个量表：体力活动快速评估、患者快速饮食与活动评估 - 简版、CAGE问卷、尼古丁依赖的法格斯特罗姆测试、沃里克 - 爱丁堡心理健康量表简版以及药物使用/滥用特设量表。按性别分层后，进行χ检验以测试关联/估计风险，并调整了三个多变量逻辑回归模型。采用主题分析法对定性数据进行分析。
共有60%的受访者体力活动不足，47%的人饮食不均衡，30%的人心理健康水平较低。饮酒者与戒酒者的比例几乎相等。共有42%的饮酒者报告每月至少醉酒一次。吸烟者占受访者的16%。确定的体力活动不足的风险因素如下：女性、不使用大学健身房和吸烟。饮食不均衡的风险因素是心理健康水平低和药物使用。饮食不均衡、不喜欢购物和频繁做饭以及在遇到困扰时缺乏求助行为可预测心理健康不佳。定性分析揭示了七个主题类别：向新生活过渡、大学环境与系统、财务、学业压力、校园健康促进和建议。
本研究提供了有力证据，表明学生群体与健康相关的生活方式令人担忧，并表明多年来与不健康生活方式相关的慢性病趋势在后代中可能不太可能改变。大学生与健康相关的生活方式令人担忧。在确定的10个有问题的体力活动、营养和心理健康预测因素中，有9个是环境/社会或机构障碍。大学必须扩大企业责任，将促进健康作为其核心价值观的一部分。
