Niego Allen Grace, Raspé Olivier, Thongklang Naritsada, Charoensup Rawiwan, Lumyong Saisamorn, Stadler Marc, Hyde Kevin D
Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.
School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.
J Fungi (Basel). 2021 Jan 13;7(1):51. doi: 10.3390/jof7010051.
The oudemansielloid/xeruloid taxa and are genera of Basidiomycota that constitute an important resource of bioactive compounds. Numerous studies have shown antimicrobial, anti-oxidative, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and other bioactivities of their extracts. The bioactive principles can be divided into two major groups: (a) hydrophilic polysaccharides with relatively high molecular weights and (b) low molecular medium polar secondary metabolites, such as the antifungal strobilurins. In this review, we summarize the state of the art on biodiversity, cultivation of the fungi and bioactivities of their secondary metabolites and discuss future applications. Although the strobilurins are well-documented, with commercial applications as agrochemical fungicides, there are also other known compounds from this group that have not yet been well-studied. Polysaccharides, dihydro-citrinone phenol A acid, scalusamides, and acetylenic lactones such as xerulin, also have potential applications in the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and medicinal market and should be further explored. Further studies are recommended to isolate high quality bioactive compounds and fully understand their modes of action. Given that only few species of oudemansielloid/xeruloid mushrooms have been explored for their production of secondary metabolites, these taxa represent unexplored sources of potentially useful and novel bioactive metabolites.
奥德曼氏菌属/干朽菌属类群是担子菌门的属，构成了生物活性化合物的重要资源。众多研究表明其提取物具有抗菌、抗氧化、抗癌、抗炎等生物活性。生物活性成分可分为两大类：（a）相对高分子量的亲水性多糖，以及（b）低分子中等极性的次生代谢产物，如抗真菌的嗜球果伞素。在本综述中，我们总结了关于这些真菌的生物多样性、培养及其次生代谢产物生物活性的最新研究状况，并讨论了未来的应用。尽管嗜球果伞素已有充分记录，且作为农用化学杀菌剂有商业应用，但该类群中还有其他一些已知化合物尚未得到充分研究。多糖、二氢柑橘酮酚A酸、斯卡卢酰胺以及如干朽菌素等炔内酯，在营养保健品、制药和医药市场也有潜在应用，应进一步探索。建议进一步开展研究以分离高质量的生物活性化合物并充分了解其作用模式。鉴于仅对少数奥德曼氏菌属/干朽菌属蘑菇的次生代谢产物生产进行了探索，这些类群代表了潜在有用和新型生物活性代谢产物的未开发来源。
