Energy Studies Institute, National University of Singapore, 29 Heng Mui Keng Terrace, Block A, #10-01, 119620, Singapore.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 May 10;768:144486. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144486. Epub 2021 Jan 6.
International production fragmentation has led to substantial changes in labor market, such as job creation/job loss, changing labor market structure and labor productivity. Such changes are perceived to affect CO emissions of those economies that participate in different parts of global value chains. This paper develops an accounting framework relating CO emissions to labor market shaped by global value chains. It analyses the influential factors driving CO emissions, and documents several pervasive empirical patterns. This is based on the recent environmental accounts developed by the European Commission and the World Input-Output Database over 2000-2014. The results show that the growth of CO emissions is primarily reduced by intensity effect, followed by labor market structural change due to participation in value chains, while it is driven by labor productivity effect and job creation. In particular, the foreign job creation effect is mostly emission-increasing, even in those economies with shrinking domestic employment. These results highlight the role of labor market and global value chains in climate policymaking.
国际生产碎片化导致劳动力市场发生重大变化，例如创造/流失就业机会、劳动力市场结构和劳动生产率的变化。这些变化被认为会影响参与全球价值链不同部分的经济体的二氧化碳排放。本文构建了一个与受全球价值链塑造的劳动力市场相关的二氧化碳排放核算框架。它分析了驱动二氧化碳排放的影响因素，并记录了几个普遍存在的经验模式。这是基于欧洲委员会和世界投入产出数据库最近在 2000-2014 年期间开发的环境账户。结果表明，二氧化碳排放的增长主要是由强度效应驱动，其次是由于参与价值链而导致的劳动力市场结构变化，而劳动生产率效应和创造就业机会则推动了二氧化碳排放的增长。特别是，外国创造就业机会的效应主要是增加排放，即使在国内就业收缩的经济体也是如此。这些结果突出了劳动力市场和全球价值链在气候政策制定中的作用。
