Nishiyama Eri, Nonogaki Mariko, Yamazaki Satoru, Nonogaki Hiroyuki, Ohshima Kazuhiko
Department of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829, Japan.
Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
New Phytol. 2021 May;230(3):889-901. doi: 10.1111/nph.17201. Epub 2021 Feb 18.
The DELAY OF GERMINATION1 (DOG1) family genes (DFGs) in Arabidopsis thaliana are involved in seed dormancy, reserve accumulation, and desiccation tolerance. Decoding the molecular evolution of DFGs is key to understanding how these seed programs evolved. This article demonstrates that DFGs have diverged in the four lineages DOG1, DOG1-LIKE4 (DOGL4), DOGL5 and DOGL6, whereas DOGL1, DOGL2 and DOGL3 arose separately within the DOG1 lineage. The systematic DFG nomenclature proposed in this article addresses the current issues of inconsistent DFG annotation and highlights DFG genomic synteny in angiosperms. DFG pseudogenes, or collapsed coding sequences, hidden in the genomes of early-diverging angiosperms are documented here. They suggest ancient birth and loss of DFGs over the course of angiosperm evolution. The proposed models suggest that the origin of DFG diversification dates back to the most recent common ancestor of living angiosperms. The presence of a single form of DFG in nonflowering plants is discussed. Phylogenetic analysis of gymnosperm, lycophyte, and liverwort DFGs and similar genes found in mosses and algae suggests that DFGs diverged from the TGACG motif-binding transcription factor genes before the divergence of the bryophyte lineage.
拟南芥中的萌发延迟1（DOG1）家族基因（DFGs）参与种子休眠、储备积累和脱水耐受性。解析DFGs的分子进化是理解这些种子程序如何进化的关键。本文表明，DFGs在DOG1、类DOG1-4（DOGL4）、DOGL5和DOGL6这四个谱系中发生了分化，而DOGL1、DOGL2和DOGL3在DOG1谱系中是独立产生的。本文提出的系统DFG命名法解决了当前DFG注释不一致的问题，并突出了被子植物中DFG的基因组共线性。本文记录了隐藏在早期分化被子植物基因组中的DFG假基因或折叠编码序列。它们表明在被子植物进化过程中DFGs有古老的产生和丢失。提出的模型表明，DFG多样化的起源可追溯到现存被子植物的最近共同祖先。文中讨论了非开花植物中单一形式DFG的存在。对裸子植物、石松和地钱DFGs以及在苔藓和藻类中发现的类似基因的系统发育分析表明，DFGs在苔藓植物谱系分化之前就与TGACG基序结合转录因子基因发生了分化。
