Zhao Zhichao, Sun Jingbo, Zhang Feng, Dong Chunjuan
State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Vegetables), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Jun 22;14(13):1913. doi: 10.3390/plants14131913.
The () family plays key regulatory roles in seed dormancy and germination. However, a genome-wide analysis of genes has not been performed for pepper (), one of the agriculturally important species, and no studies have been conducted to characterize their expression profiles. Based on genome information, the identification and expression analysis of gene family members through bioinformatics approaches can provide a theoretical foundation for subsequent studies on the biological functions of and the improvement of seed traits in breeding. In this study, a total of 13 genes were identified in the genome. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these CaDOG1s, along with DOG1s from thale cress (), rice (), and maize (), were classified into four subgroups. All genes were unevenly distributed on six chromosomes, and they had relatively conserved exon-intron patterns, most with zero to one intron. According to the chromosomal distribution patterns and synteny analysis of the genes, the family expanded mainly through replication, which occurred predominantly after the divergence of dicotyledons and monocotyledons. Conserved motif analysis indicated that all encoded proteins contained Motif 2 and Motif 6, except for CaDOG1-3. Expression profile analysis using transcriptome data revealed that genes were differentially expressed across various tissues and developmental stages, with notable involvement in flowers and seeds. Quantitative real-time PCR also revealed that all genes were downregulated during seed germination, indicating that may play negative roles in seed germination. Moreover, upon abscisic acid treatment, six genes exhibited upregulation, while in response to ethylene, four genes exhibited downregulation. Taken together, these findings provide an extensive description of the gene family and might facilitate further studies for elucidating their functions in seed germination.
（）家族在种子休眠和萌发中发挥着关键的调控作用。然而，尚未对农业重要物种之一的辣椒（）进行全基因组范围的（）基因分析，也没有开展研究来表征它们的表达谱。基于（）基因组信息，通过生物信息学方法鉴定和分析（）基因家族成员，可为后续关于（）生物学功能以及辣椒育种中种子性状改良的研究提供理论基础。在本研究中，在（）基因组中共鉴定出13个（）基因。系统发育分析表明，这些辣椒（CaDOG1s）基因与来自拟南芥（）、水稻（）和玉米（）的（DOG1s）基因一起被分为四个亚组。所有（）基因不均匀地分布在六条（）染色体上，并且它们具有相对保守的外显子 - 内含子模式，大多数含有零到一个内含子。根据（）基因的染色体分布模式和共线性分析，（）家族主要通过复制进行扩张，这种复制主要发生在双子叶植物和单子叶植物分化之后。保守基序分析表明，除CaDOG1 - 3外，所有编码蛋白都含有基序2和基序6。利用转录组数据进行的表达谱分析显示，（）基因在不同组织和发育阶段差异表达，在花和种子中显著表达。定量实时PCR也表明，所有（）基因在种子萌发期间表达下调，表明（）可能在种子萌发中发挥负向作用。此外，在脱落酸处理后，六个（）基因上调表达，而在乙烯处理下，四个（）基因下调表达。综上所述，这些发现对（）基因家族进行了广泛描述，并可能有助于进一步阐明它们在种子萌发中的功能的研究。
