College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China.
Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, P.R. China.
ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2020 Sep 14;6(9):4774-4798. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00804. Epub 2020 Aug 7.
Immunomodulatory therapeutics, which is conducive to overcoming tumor tolerance and restoring normal immune responses, has been proposed as a promising approach for enhanced cancer therapy and clinical advancement. However, issues including cytokine syndrome, inefficient delivery, hepatic dysfunction, and severe adverse reactions remain to be resolved. It is particularly critical to develop delivery technologies to overcome these limitations and further improve antitumor efficacy. With the continuous development of materials science, biomaterials have been widely used in the field of cancer treatment and have also provided exciting solutions to overcome the bottleneck of immunomodulatory therapeutics. A range of biomaterials, especially nanomaterials, has been developed as a local immunomodulatory platform to enhance targeted delivery, maintain drug stability, and reduce toxicity and side effects. In addition to single immunomodulatory therapeutics, nanomaterials have been demonstrated to possess significant potential in immunomodulatory therapeutics-based synergistic therapies, especially in combination with phototherapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immune checkpoint blockade. In this review, as background to the discussion of immunomodulatory therapeutics, we first described the mechanisms of action of multiple immunomodulators and discussed their current targeting agents. On this basis, we highlighted the latest advances in the use of nanomaterials-assisted immunomodulatory therapeutics and combination therapy to enhance anticancer immunity. In addition, current challenges and further promises for immunomodulatory therapeutics were also presented.
免疫调节治疗，有利于克服肿瘤耐受和恢复正常免疫反应，被提出作为增强癌症治疗和临床进展的一种有前途的方法。然而，包括细胞因子综合征、递送效率低、肝功能障碍和严重不良反应在内的问题仍有待解决。开发递送技术来克服这些限制并进一步提高抗肿瘤疗效尤为关键。随着材料科学的不断发展，生物材料已广泛应用于癌症治疗领域，并为克服免疫调节治疗的瓶颈提供了令人兴奋的解决方案。一系列生物材料，特别是纳米材料，已被开发为局部免疫调节平台，以增强靶向递送、保持药物稳定性以及降低毒性和副作用。除了单一的免疫调节治疗外，纳米材料还被证明在基于免疫调节治疗的协同治疗中具有显著的潜力，特别是与光疗、放疗、化疗和免疫检查点阻断联合应用。在这篇综述中，作为讨论免疫调节治疗的背景，我们首先描述了多种免疫调节剂的作用机制，并讨论了它们目前的靶向剂。在此基础上，我们重点介绍了纳米材料辅助免疫调节治疗和联合治疗增强抗肿瘤免疫的最新进展。此外，还提出了免疫调节治疗目前的挑战和进一步的前景。
