Institute of Public Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil.
College of Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil.
Psychol Health Med. 2022 Jul;27(6):1311-1325. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2021.1874432. Epub 2021 Jan 18.
Entering university brings on changes in lifestyle and psychological stress and has been associated with increased risk of 1988 in college students. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of depressive symptoms and associated sociodemographic and lifestyle factors among university students. A dynamic cohort of freshmen was followed up for three years, starting at their entry to university (baseline) and then annually. A structured auto administered questionnaire was applied to obtain information on age, sex, economic class, living situation, smoking and drinking, sedentary and sleep behaviors, and change in physical activity after university admission. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionaire-9. Incidence and incidence rate of depressive symptoms were calculated. Poisson Regression with robust variance was used to identify risk factors associated to these disorders. A total of 1,034 students without depressive symptoms at baseline were investigated. The overall incidence of depressive symptoms was 28.3% and the incidence rate (IR) was 2.12, being greater for females (2.75) than males (1.65). The IR decreased over time for both males (from 2.61 to 0.41) and females (from 4.25 to 0.54). A greater risk of depressive symptoms was observed for younger male students compared to those ≥20 years old (IRR = 1.64) and for women who reported concomitant use of alcohol and tobacco compared to those that reported no smoking and no alcohol consumption. For both males (IRR = 2.80) and females (IRR = 1.91), severe stress level was associated with greater risk of depressive symptoms when compared to mild stress level. Depressive Symptoms occurred more significantly in females, in the early years of undergraduate course, in males <20 years old, and among those with high stress level. Understanding the possible causes of depression is essential to promote mental health and well-being among college student.
进入大学带来生活方式和心理压力的变化，与大学生中 1988 的风险增加有关。本研究旨在调查大学生抑郁症状的发生率及其相关的社会人口学和生活方式因素。对一组新生进行了为期三年的动态队列研究，从他们进入大学（基线）开始，然后每年进行一次。使用结构化的自动管理问卷获取有关年龄、性别、经济阶层、生活状况、吸烟和饮酒、久坐不动和睡眠行为以及入学后体育活动变化的信息。使用患者健康问卷-9 评估抑郁症状。计算抑郁症状的发生率和发生率。使用稳健方差的泊松回归来确定与这些疾病相关的危险因素。共调查了 1034 名基线时无抑郁症状的学生。抑郁症状的总体发生率为 28.3%，发生率（IR）为 2.12，女性（2.75）高于男性（1.65）。IR 随时间的推移对男性（从 2.61 降至 0.41）和女性（从 4.25 降至 0.54）均降低。与≥20 岁的男性相比，年轻男性（IRR=1.64）和同时报告使用酒精和烟草的女性（IRR=1.91）患抑郁症状的风险更高。与轻度压力相比，男性（IRR=2.80）和女性（IRR=1.91）的重度压力水平与抑郁症状的风险增加相关。与男性相比，抑郁症状在女性、本科早期、<20 岁的男性以及压力水平较高的人群中更为显著。了解抑郁的可能原因对于促进大学生的心理健康和幸福感至关重要。
