Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559, Hanover, Germany.
Parasitol Res. 2021 Dec;120(12):4075-4090. doi: 10.1007/s00436-020-07033-3. Epub 2021 Jan 18.
Around the world, human health and animal health are closely linked in terms of the One Health concept by ticks acting as vectors for zoonotic pathogens. Animals do not only maintain tick cycles but can either be clinically affected by the same tick-borne pathogens as humans and/or play a role as reservoirs or sentinel pathogen hosts. However, the relevance of different tick-borne diseases (TBDs) may vary in human vs. veterinary medicine, which is consequently reflected by the availability of human vs. veterinary diagnostic tests. Yet, as TBDs gain importance in both fields and rare zoonotic pathogens, such as Babesia spp., are increasingly identified as causes of human disease, a One Health approach regarding development of new diagnostic tools may lead to synergistic benefits. This review gives an overview on zoonotic protozoan, bacterial and viral tick-borne pathogens worldwide, discusses commonly used diagnostic techniques for TBDs, and compares commercial availability of diagnostic tests for humans vs. domestic animals, using Germany as an example, with the aim of highlighting existing gaps and opportunities for collaboration in a One Health framework.
在全球范围内，根据“同一健康”概念，人类健康和动物健康紧密相连，蜱虫充当了人畜共患病原体的传播媒介。动物不仅维持着蜱虫的循环，而且可能与人类一样受到同样的蜱传病原体的临床影响，或者作为病原体的储存宿主或哨点宿主。然而，不同的蜱传疾病（TBDs）在人医和兽医领域的相关性可能有所不同，这反映在人医和兽医诊断检测的可用性上。然而，随着 TBDs 在这两个领域的重要性不断增加，以及越来越多的罕见人畜共患病原体，如巴贝斯虫属，被确定为人类疾病的病因，因此开发新的诊断工具需要采用同一健康的方法，这可能会带来协同效益。本文概述了全球范围内的人畜共患原生动物、细菌和病毒蜱传病原体，讨论了 TBDs 常用的诊断技术，并以德国为例，比较了人类和家畜诊断检测的商业可用性，旨在突出同一健康框架下现有的差距和合作机会。
