Mauri Pablo Jhorsan David, Del Solar Jakson Jacob Chuquimia, Hinojosa Enciso Elthon Thomas, Polveiro Richard Costa, Vieira Dielson da Silva, Ramos Sanchez Eduardo Milton, Bardales Escalante William, Maicelo Quintana Jorge Luis, Lopez Lapa Rainer Marco
Instituto de Investigación en Ganadería y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Peru.
Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Ganadería y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Peru.
Front Vet Sci. 2025 May 14;12:1571694. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1571694. eCollection 2025.
Anaplasmosis remains a significant threat to livestock production in tropical regions, particularly in the Amazon basin, where ecological complexity and limited veterinary infrastructure challenge effective disease management. This review focuses on and , the primary species associated with bovine and granulocytic anaplasmosis, respectively. We examine the current state of diagnostic tools, highlighting the limited accessibility of molecular techniques in rural settings and the emerging but underutilized potential of technologies. Persistent infection and antigenic variation are explored as major obstacles for disease eradication and vaccine development. Although live attenuated and inactivated vaccines are in use for , none provide sterilizing immunity, and no commercial vaccines exist for . The review evaluates recent advances in recombinant antigens, chimeric constructs, and genetically attenuated strains, as well as future directions involving multiepitope design, novel adjuvants, and next-generation vaccine platforms. Additionally, we assess the role of tick control in disease prevention and emphasize the importance of integrated strategies in regions like the Amazon. Together, these findings underscore the need for context-specific solutions that address the ecological and epidemiological complexity of anaplasmosis in the Amazon basin.
无形体病仍然是热带地区畜牧业生产的重大威胁，尤其是在亚马逊流域，那里的生态复杂性和有限的兽医基础设施对有效的疾病管理构成挑战。本综述重点关注[具体物种1]和[具体物种2]，它们分别是与牛无形体病和粒细胞无形体病相关的主要物种。我们研究了诊断工具的现状，强调了分子技术在农村地区的可及性有限以及新兴但未充分利用的技术潜力。持续性感染和抗原变异被视为疾病根除和疫苗开发的主要障碍。尽管减毒活疫苗和灭活疫苗用于[具体疾病1]，但均不能提供杀菌免疫，且尚无用于[具体疾病2]的商业疫苗。本综述评估了重组抗原、嵌合构建体和基因减毒株的最新进展，以及涉及多表位设计、新型佐剂和下一代疫苗平台的未来方向。此外，我们评估了蜱虫控制在疾病预防中的作用，并强调了亚马逊等地区综合策略的重要性。总之，这些发现强调了需要针对具体情况的解决方案，以应对亚马逊流域无形体病的生态和流行病学复杂性。
