Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pericardial Diseases, Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
Am J Cardiol. 2021 Apr 15;145:151-159. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.12.092. Epub 2021 Jan 15.
Despite the monumental advances in the diagnoses and therapeutics of malignancy, several cancer patients have presented with pericardial involvement, including acute pericarditis, constrictive pericarditis, and pericardial effusion. Multiple factors can contribute to acute pericarditis, including direct metastasis to the heart, pericardial hemorrhage, infections due to immunosuppression, and cancer therapies that include chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiation. Pericardial effusion, either due to cancer invasion or cancer treatment, is one of the most common incidental findings in cancer patients, which significantly worsens morbidity and mortality. If left untreated, pericardial effusion is known to cause complications such as pericardial tamponade. Constrictive pericarditis can be due to radiation exposure, chemotherapy, or is a sequela of a previous episode of acute pericarditis. In conclusion, early detection, prompt treatment, and understanding of pericardial diseases are necessary to help improve the quality of life of cancer patients, and we aim to summarize the knowledge of pericardial involvement in patients with cancer.
尽管恶性肿瘤的诊断和治疗取得了重大进展，但仍有一些癌症患者出现了心包受累，包括急性心包炎、缩窄性心包炎和心包积液。多种因素可导致急性心包炎，包括心脏直接转移、心包出血、免疫抑制引起的感染以及包括化疗、免疫疗法和放疗在内的癌症治疗。心包积液无论是由于癌症侵犯还是癌症治疗引起的，都是癌症患者最常见的偶然发现之一，这显著增加了发病率和死亡率。如果不治疗，心包积液已知会引起心包填塞等并发症。缩窄性心包炎可由放射治疗、化疗引起，也可继发于先前的急性心包炎发作。总之，早期发现、及时治疗和了解心包疾病对于提高癌症患者的生活质量是必要的，我们旨在总结癌症患者心包受累的相关知识。
