Hagger Martin S, Orbell Sheina
Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA.
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Health Psychol Rev. 2022 Sep;16(3):347-377. doi: 10.1080/17437199.2021.1878050. Epub 2021 Feb 1.
The common sense model of illness self-regulation outlines the dynamic processes by which individuals perceive, interpret, and respond to health threats and illness-related information. An extended version of the model is proposed, which specifies additional constructs and processes to explain how lay perceptions of health threats impact coping responses and health-related outcomes. The extended model provides detail on: (a) the mediating process by which individuals' illness representations relate to illness outcomes through adoption of coping procedures; (b) how illness representations are activated by presentation of health-threatening stimuli; (c) behavioral and treatment beliefs as determinants of coping procedures and illness outcomes alongside illness representations; and (d) effects of moderators of relations between cognitive representations, coping procedures, and illness outcomes. The extended model sets an agenda for future research that addresses knowledge gaps regarding how individuals represent and cope with health threats, and may inform effective illness-management interventions. We identify the kinds of research required to provide robust evidence for the extended model propositions. We call for research that employs incipient illness samples, utilizes designs that capture dynamic processes in the model such as cross-lagged panel and intervention designs, and adopts illness-specific measures of coping procedures rather than relying on generic instruments.
疾病自我调节的常识模型概述了个体感知、解释和应对健康威胁及疾病相关信息的动态过程。本文提出了该模型的扩展版本，其中规定了额外的结构和过程，以解释外行对健康威胁的认知如何影响应对反应和与健康相关的结果。扩展模型详细说明了：（a）个体的疾病表征通过采用应对程序与疾病结果相关联的中介过程；（b）健康威胁刺激的呈现如何激活疾病表征；（c）行为和治疗信念作为应对程序和疾病结果的决定因素，与疾病表征一起发挥作用；（d）认知表征、应对程序和疾病结果之间关系的调节因素的影响。扩展模型为未来的研究设定了议程，该议程解决了关于个体如何表征和应对健康威胁的知识空白，并可能为有效的疾病管理干预提供信息。我们确定了为扩展模型命题提供有力证据所需的研究类型。我们呼吁开展这样的研究，即采用初发疾病样本，利用能够捕捉模型中动态过程的设计，如交叉滞后面板设计和干预设计，并采用针对特定疾病的应对程序测量方法，而不是依赖通用工具。
