LoGullo Roberto, Horvat Joao, Reiner Jeffrey, Pinker Katja
Department of Radiology, Breast Imaging Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 E 66th St, 7th Floor, Suite 707, 10065, New York, NY, USA.
Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Molecular and Structural Preclinical Imaging, Medical University Vienna, Wien, Österreich.
Radiologe. 2021 Feb;61(2):183-191. doi: 10.1007/s00117-020-00801-3. Epub 2021 Jan 19.
CLINICAL/METHODOLOGICAL ISSUE: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) aims to visualize and quantify biological, physiological and pathological processes at the cellular and molecular level and provides valuable information about key processes in cancer development and progression. "Omics" strategies (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics) have many uses in oncology.
Multiparametric MRI of the breast currently includes T2-weighted, diffusion-weighted and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) METHODOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS: Additional parameters such as proton magetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST), blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD), hyperpolarized (HP) MRI or lipid MRS are currently being developed and are being evaluated in breast cancer diagnostics.
Radiogenomics is a new direction in medical science that has been made possible by significant advances in imaging and image analysis methods, as well as the development of techniques to extract and correlate various imaging parameters with "omics" data. The aim of radiogenomics is to correlate imaging characteristics (phenotypes) with gene expression patterns, gene mutations and other genome-associated properties and is the evolution of the correlation between radiology and pathology from the anatomical-histological to the molecular level. Quantitative and qualitative imaging biomarkers provide insights into the complex tumor biology. Initial results suggest that radiogemics will play an important role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of breast cancer.
This article provides an overview of the current state of radiogenomics of the breast and future applications and challenges.
临床/方法学问题：多参数磁共振成像（MRI）旨在在细胞和分子水平上可视化并量化生物学、生理学和病理学过程，并提供有关癌症发生和发展关键过程的有价值信息。“组学”策略（基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学）在肿瘤学中有多种用途。
目前乳腺多参数MRI包括T2加权、扩散加权和动态对比增强MRI（DCE-MRI）。
目前正在开发其他参数，如质子磁共振波谱（MRS）、化学交换饱和转移（CEST）、血氧水平依赖（BOLD）、超极化（HP）MRI或脂质MRS，并正在乳腺癌诊断中进行评估。
放射基因组学是医学科学中的一个新方向，成像和图像分析方法的重大进展以及提取各种成像参数并将其与“组学”数据相关联的技术发展使其成为可能。放射基因组学的目的是将成像特征（表型）与基因表达模式、基因突变和其他与基因组相关的特性相关联，是放射学与病理学从解剖组织学水平到分子水平相关性的演变。定量和定性成像生物标志物为复杂的肿瘤生物学提供了见解。初步结果表明，放射基因组学将在乳腺癌的诊断、预后和治疗中发挥重要作用。
本文概述了乳腺放射基因组学的现状以及未来的应用和挑战。
