Near-Infrared-Responsive Photo-Driven Nitrogen Fixation Enabled by Oxygen Vacancies and Sulfur Doping in Black TiOS Nanoplatelets.

Solar-driven nitrogen fixation is a promising clean and mild approach for ammonia synthesis beyond the conventional energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process. However, it is still challenging to design highly active, stable, and low-cost photocatalysts for activating inert N molecules. Herein, we report the synthesis of anatase-phase black TiOS nanoplatelets enriched with abundant oxygen vacancies and sulfur anion dopants (-S-rich TiOS) by ion exchange method at gentle conditions. The -S-rich TiOS nanoplatelets display a narrowed bandgap of 1.18 eV and much stronger light absorption that extends to the near-infrared (NIR) region. The co-presence of oxygen vacancies and sulfur dopants facilitates the adsorption of N molecules, promoting the reaction rate of N photofixation. Theoretical calculations reveal the synergistic effect of oxygen vacancies and sulfur dopants on visible-NIR light adsorption and photoexcited carrier transfer/separation. The -S-rich TiOS exhibits improved ammonia yield rates of 114.1 μmol g h under full-spectrum irradiation and 86.2 μmol g h under visible-NIR irradiation, respectively. Notably, even under only NIR irradiation (800-1100 nm), the -S-rich TiOS can still deliver an ammonia yield rate of 14.1 μmol g h. This study presents the great potential to regulate the activity of photocatalysts by rationally engineering the defect sites and dopant species for room-temperature N reduction.