W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Viruses. 2021 Jan 14;13(1):108. doi: 10.3390/v13010108.
Mosquito-borne arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) such as the dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are important human pathogens that are responsible for significant global morbidity and mortality. The recent emergence and re-emergence of mosquito-borne viral diseases (MBVDs) highlight the urgent need for safe and effective vaccines, therapeutics, and vector-control approaches to prevent MBVD outbreaks. In nature, arboviruses circulate between vertebrate hosts and arthropod vectors; therefore, disrupting the virus lifecycle in mosquitoes is a major approach for combating MBVDs. Several strategies were proposed to render mosquitoes that are refractory to arboviral infection, for example, those involving the generation of genetically modified mosquitoes or infection with the symbiotic bacterium . Due to the recent development of high-throughput screening methods, an increasing number of drugs with inhibitory effects on mosquito-borne arboviruses in mammalian cells were identified. These antivirals are useful resources that can impede the circulation of arboviruses between arthropods and humans by either rendering viruses more vulnerable in humans or suppressing viral infection by reducing the expression of host factors in mosquitoes. In this review, we summarize recent advances in small-molecule antiarboviral drugs in mammalian and mosquito cells, and discuss how to use these antivirals to block the transmission of MBVDs.
蚊媒和节肢动物传播的病毒（arboviruses），如登革热病毒（DENV）、寨卡病毒（ZIKV）和基孔肯雅热病毒（CHIKV），是重要的人类病原体，导致了大量的全球发病率和死亡率。蚊媒病毒病（MBVD）的近期出现和再次出现突出表明，迫切需要安全有效的疫苗、疗法和病媒控制方法来预防 MBVD 的爆发。在自然界中，arboviruses 在脊椎动物宿主和节肢动物媒介之间循环；因此，破坏蚊子中的病毒生命周期是防治 MBVD 的主要方法。已经提出了几种使蚊子对 arboviral 感染具有抗性的策略，例如涉及产生基因修饰的蚊子或感染共生细菌。由于高通量筛选方法的最新发展，在哺乳动物细胞中具有抗蚊媒 arboviruses 抑制作用的药物数量不断增加。这些抗病毒药物是有用的资源，通过使病毒在人类中更脆弱或通过减少蚊子中宿主因子的表达来抑制病毒感染，从而阻碍 arboviruses 在节肢动物和人类之间的循环。在这篇综述中，我们总结了近年来在哺乳动物和蚊子细胞中小分子抗 arboviral 药物的进展，并讨论了如何利用这些抗病毒药物来阻断 MBVD 的传播。
