Quinlan Jonathan I, Narici Marco V, Reeves Neil D, Franchi Martino V
School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham, NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK.
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2019 Aug 20;4(3):60. doi: 10.3390/jfmk4030060.
The purpose of this short review is to discuss the effects of eccentric exercise in modifying the properties of tendon tissue in healthy individuals. The tendon provides a mechanical link between muscle and bone, allowing force transmission to the skeleton, and thus, its properties have significant functional implications. Chronic resistance training has long been shown to increase the stiffness and Young's modulus of the tendon and even tendon cross-sectional area. However, as the tendon responds to the amount and/or frequency of strain, it has been previously suggested that eccentric training may result in greater adaptations due to the potential for greater training loads. Thus, this review discusses the effects of eccentric training upon healthy tendon tissue and compares these to other training modalities. Furthermore, it has been reported that the tendon may undergo adverse age-related changes. Thus, this review also discusses the potential application of eccentric resistance training as a preferential modality for counteracting these age-related changes. We conclude that while there may be no difference between contraction types for overall tendon adaptation, the lower demands of eccentric contractions may make it more appealing for the elderly population.
这篇简短综述的目的是探讨离心运动对健康个体肌腱组织特性的影响。肌腱在肌肉和骨骼之间提供机械连接，使力量能够传递到骨骼，因此，其特性具有重要的功能意义。长期以来，慢性阻力训练已被证明可增加肌腱的刚度和杨氏模量，甚至肌腱横截面积。然而，由于肌腱会对应变的量和/或频率做出反应，此前有人认为离心训练可能会因更大的训练负荷潜力而导致更大的适应性变化。因此，本综述讨论了离心训练对健康肌腱组织的影响，并将其与其他训练方式进行比较。此外，据报道肌腱可能会经历与年龄相关的不良变化。因此，本综述还讨论了离心阻力训练作为抵消这些与年龄相关变化的优先方式的潜在应用。我们得出结论，虽然总体肌腱适应性在收缩类型之间可能没有差异，但离心收缩的较低要求可能使其对老年人群更具吸引力。
