UCD Veterinary Sciences Centre, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
UCD Veterinary Sciences Centre, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
Vet J. 2021 Feb;268:105602. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2020.105602. Epub 2020 Dec 22.
Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) are a cause of significant losses in animal production worldwide. In recent years, there have been important advances in the biological control of GIN of ruminants and horses. While these measures are still relatively under-utilised in practice, interest will undoubtedly grow due to the emergence of drug resistant parasite populations, the rise in demand for organically farmed products (which does not allow prophylactic use of drugs, including anthelmintics) and legislation, which regulates and restricts the use of anthelmintics. This review provides an overview of the most promising biocontrol agents of GIN of grazing animals including nematophagous fungi, dung beetles, earthworms, predacious nematodes and nematophagous mites. Recent advancements in these fields are evaluated, and the potential reasons for the delayed development and slow uptake of biocontrol agents are discussed. It is now widely believed that no method of GIN control is sustainable alone, and a combination of strategies (i.e. integrated pest management) is required for long term, effective parasite control. This review shows that, although their efficacies are lower than those of conventional anthelmintics, biological control agents are an important adjunct to traditional GIN control.
胃肠道线虫（GIN）是全世界动物生产中造成重大损失的一个原因。近年来，反刍动物和马的胃肠道线虫的生物防治取得了重要进展。虽然这些措施在实践中仍相对未得到充分利用，但由于抗药性寄生虫群体的出现、对有机农产品需求的增加（不允许预防性使用药物，包括驱虫剂）以及法规的限制和限制，对驱虫剂的使用，这些措施的兴趣无疑会增加。
本篇综述概述了最有前途的放牧动物胃肠道线虫的生物防治剂，包括食线虫真菌、蜣螂、蚯蚓、捕食性线虫和食线虫螨。评估了这些领域的最新进展，并讨论了生物防治剂发展缓慢和采用缓慢的潜在原因。现在人们普遍认为，没有一种 GIN 控制方法是可持续的，需要结合多种策略（即综合虫害管理）来长期有效地控制寄生虫。本篇综述表明，尽管生物防治剂的功效低于传统驱虫剂，但它们是传统 GIN 控制的重要辅助手段。
