Sander Christopher, Neumann Stephan
Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Georg-August-University of Goettingen, Burckhardtweg 2, 37077, Goettingen, Germany.
Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2024 Dec 12;26:101033. doi: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.101033. eCollection 2025 Apr.
Infections with soil-transmitted helminths pose a significant threat to wildlife in enclosures, where transmission of these parasitic larvae is easier due to the limited space. Nematophagous fungi offer a promising solution as they can naturally control these nematodes. In this study, three nematophagous fungi (, , ) purchased from the non-profit global biological resource center ATCC were tested for their suitability as biological control agents. The nematodes sp., sp. and sp. Were isolated from three animal species: wild boar () (n = 10), fallow deer () (n = 5) and mouflon () (n = 5) from a wildlife park using the Baermann-Wetzel method. In a second step, the fungi were brought into contact with the parasites on the soil of the enclosures. The two media tests showed that the nematophagous fungi were more effective on the agar plate than on the autoclaved soil. Only showed good efficacy on both media, while the other two fungi showed more marked differences on the two media. The results showed that these three nematophagous fungi can reduce parasites in soil before they are ingested by an infected animal. Given the increasing development of drug resistance and the use of chemical agents for soil treatment, this is an important finding that should be pursued in the future.
土壤传播的蠕虫感染对圈养野生动物构成重大威胁，由于空间有限，这些寄生幼虫在圈养环境中更容易传播。食线虫真菌提供了一个有前景的解决方案，因为它们可以自然地控制这些线虫。在本研究中，从非营利性全球生物资源中心美国典型培养物保藏中心购买的三种食线虫真菌（、、）被测试其作为生物防治剂的适用性。使用贝尔曼-韦策尔方法从一个野生动物园的三种动物物种中分离出线虫：野猪（）（n = 10）、黇鹿（）（n = 5）和摩弗伦羊（）（n = 5）。第二步，将真菌与圈养环境土壤中的寄生虫接触。两项培养基测试表明，食线虫真菌在琼脂平板上比在高压灭菌土壤上更有效。只有在两种培养基上都显示出良好的效果，而其他两种真菌在两种培养基上表现出更明显的差异。结果表明，这三种食线虫真菌可以在被感染动物摄入之前减少土壤中的寄生虫。鉴于耐药性的不断发展以及化学药剂用于土壤处理的情况，这是一个重要发现，未来应继续研究。
