Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, SE-222 41, Lund, Sweden.
Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Sleep Breath. 2021 Dec;25(4):1851-1857. doi: 10.1007/s11325-020-02287-8. Epub 2021 Jan 19.
Humans have a preference for nasal breathing during sleep. This 10-year prospective study aimed to determine if nasal symptoms can predict snoring and also if snoring can predict development of nasal symptoms. The hypothesis proposed is that nasal symptoms affect the risk of snoring 10 years later, whereas snoring does not increase the risk of developing nasal symptoms.
In the cohort study, Respiratory Health in Northern Europe (RHINE), a random population from Denmark, Estonia, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, born between 1945 and 1973, was investigated by postal questionnaires in 1999-2001 (RHINE II, baseline) and in 2010-2012 (RHINE III, follow-up). The study population consisted of the participants who had answered questions on nasal symptoms such as nasal obstruction, discharge, and sneezing, and also snoring both at baseline and at follow-up (n = 10,112).
Nasal symptoms were frequent, reported by 48% of the entire population at baseline, with snoring reported by 24%. Nasal symptoms at baseline increased the risk of snoring at follow-up (adj. OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.22-1.58) after adjusting for age, sex, BMI change between baseline and follow-up, and smoking status. Snoring at baseline was associated with an increased risk of developing nasal symptoms at follow-up (adj. OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.02-1.47).
Nasal symptoms are independent risk factors for development of snoring 10 years later, and surprisingly, snoring is a risk factor for the development of nasal symptoms.
人类在睡眠时偏爱经鼻呼吸。本为期 10 年的前瞻性研究旨在确定鼻部症状是否可预测打鼾，以及打鼾是否可预测鼻部症状的发生。提出的假设是，鼻部症状会影响 10 年后打鼾的风险，而打鼾不会增加发生鼻部症状的风险。
在北欧呼吸健康研究（RHINE）的队列研究中，对丹麦、爱沙尼亚、冰岛、挪威和瑞典在 1945 年至 1973 年期间出生的随机人群进行了调查，研究对象通过邮寄问卷的方式在 1999-2001 年（RHINE II，基线）和 2010-2012 年（RHINE III，随访）进行答复。研究人群包括在基线和随访时均回答了鼻部症状（如鼻塞、流涕和打喷嚏）和打鼾问题的参与者（n=10112）。
鼻部症状较为常见，基线时整个人群中有 48%的人报告有鼻部症状，其中 24%的人报告有打鼾。基线时的鼻部症状会增加随访时打鼾的风险（调整年龄、性别、基线和随访期间 BMI 的变化以及吸烟状况后，调整后的 OR 为 1.38；95%CI 为 1.22-1.58）。基线时的打鼾与随访时发生鼻部症状的风险增加相关（调整后的 OR 为 1.22；95%CI 为 1.02-1.47）。
鼻部症状是 10 年后发生打鼾的独立危险因素，令人惊讶的是，打鼾也是发生鼻部症状的危险因素。
