Brundage J F, Scott R M, Lednar W M, Smith D W, Miller R N
Division of Preventive Medicine, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307-5100.
JAMA. 1988 Apr 8;259(14):2108-12.
Airborne transmission of infectious agents and associations of indoor air pollutants with respiratory illnesses are well documented. We hypothesized that energy conservation measures that tighten buildings also increase risks of respiratory infection among building occupants. At four Army training centers during a 47-month period, incidence rates of febrile acute respiratory disease were compared between basic trainees in modern (energy-efficient design and construction) and old barracks. Rates of febrile acute respiratory disease were significantly higher among trainees in modern barracks (adjusted relative risk estimate, 1.51; 95% confidence interval, 1.46 to 1.56), and relative risks were consistent at the four centers. These results support the hypothesis that tight buildings with closed ventilation systems significantly increase risks of respiratory-transmitted infection among congregated, immunologically susceptible occupants.
传染性病原体的空气传播以及室内空气污染物与呼吸道疾病的关联已有充分记录。我们推测，使建筑物密封性增强的节能措施也会增加建筑物居住者呼吸道感染的风险。在47个月的时间里，在四个陆军训练中心，对现代化（节能设计与建造）营房和旧营房中的基础新兵发热性急性呼吸道疾病发病率进行了比较。现代化营房中的新兵发热性急性呼吸道疾病发病率显著更高（调整后的相对风险估计值为1.51；95%置信区间为1.46至1.56），且四个中心的相对风险一致。这些结果支持了这样的假设，即具有封闭通风系统的密封性良好的建筑物会显著增加聚集在一起的、免疫功能易受影响的居住者呼吸道传播感染的风险。
