College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, No.218 Ping'an Avenue, Zhengdong, District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, 843300, China.
Exp Appl Acarol. 2023 Sep;91(1):69-87. doi: 10.1007/s10493-023-00813-3. Epub 2023 Jul 31.
Rhipicephalus microplus is a major threat to the cattle industry worldwide. The intensive use of acaricides and repellents has resulted in drug resistance. Hence, effective and eco-friendly pest control alternatives are urgently needed, especially from natural plant resources. In this study, the acaricidal and repellent activities of nine herbs against the larvae and eggs of R. microplus were evaluated. The results showed that ethanol extracts of star anise (Illicium verum), chaulmoogra (Hydnocarpus anthelmintica), motherwart (Leonurus artemisia), mandarin orange peel (citri reticulatae pericarpium, i.e., peel of Citrus reticulata fruit), and stemona (Stemona sessilifolia) had good contact acaricidal activities of 100, 98, 94, 88 and 86%, respectively, whereas star anise and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) had good fumigant acaricidal activities of 98 and 96%, respectively. The hatching inhibition rate of star anise against R. microplus eggs was 100%. All nine herbs had good real-time repellent rates, but only castor bean and star anise had repellent effects after 48 h (81.3 and 79.6%, respectively). This is the first report of the acaricidal and repellent activities of these medicinal herbs against R. microplus. Ethanol extracts of these herbs might be considered as potential alternatives to chemical acaricides for control of R. microplus.
微小牛蜱是全球养牛业的主要威胁。杀蜱剂和驱避剂的大量使用导致了抗药性。因此，迫切需要有效和环保的害虫控制替代方法，特别是来自天然植物资源的替代方法。在这项研究中，评估了 9 种草药对微小牛蜱幼虫和卵的杀蜱和驱避活性。结果表明，八角（Illicium verum）、诃子（Hydnocarpus anthelmintica）、益母草（Leonurus artemisia）、陈皮（Citri reticulatae pericarpium，即柑橘类水果的果皮）和百部（Stemona sessilifolia）的乙醇提取物具有良好的接触杀蜱活性，分别为 100%、98%、94%、88%和 86%，而八角和丁香（Syzygium aromaticum）具有良好的熏杀杀蜱活性，分别为 98%和 96%。八角对微小牛蜱卵的孵化抑制率为 100%。这 9 种草药均具有良好的实时驱避率，但只有蓖麻和八角在 48 小时后具有驱避作用（分别为 81.3%和 79.6%）。这是这些药用植物对微小牛蜱的杀蜱和驱避活性的首次报道。这些草药的乙醇提取物可能被认为是控制微小牛蜱的化学杀蜱剂的潜在替代品。
