Institute of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Eastney, Portsmouth PO4 9LY, UK
Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Departamento Diversidad Biológica y Ecología, Ecología Marina, Av. Velez Sarsfield 299 (X5000JJC), Córdoba, Argentina.
J Exp Biol. 2021 Mar 5;224(Pt 5):jeb233403. doi: 10.1242/jeb.233403.
Temperature modulates marine ectotherm physiology, influencing survival, abundance and species distribution. While native species could be susceptible to ocean warming, thermal tolerance might favour the spread of non-native species. Determining the success of invasive species in response to climate change is confounded by the cumulative, synergistic or antagonistic effects of environmental drivers, which vary at a geographical and temporal scale. Thus, an organism's acclimation or adaptive potential could play an important evolutionary role by enabling or conditioning species tolerance to stressful environmental conditions. We investigated developmental performance of early life stages of the ascidian (derived from populations of anthropogenically impacted and control sites) to an extreme weather event (i.e. marine heatwave). Fertilization rate, embryo and larval development, settlement, metamorphosis success and juvenile heart rate were assessed as experimental endpoints. With the exception of fertilization and heart rates, temperature influenced all analysed endpoints. derived from control sites were the most negatively affected by increased temperature conditions. By contrast, from anthropogenically impacted sites showed a positive response to thermal stress, with a higher proportion of larvae development, settlement and metamorphosis success being observed under increased temperature conditions. No differences were observed for heart rates between sampled populations and experimental temperature conditions. Moreover, interaction between temperature and populations was statistically significant for embryo and larvae development, and metamorphosis. We hypothesize that selection resulting from anthropogenic forcing could shape stress resilience of species in their native range and subsequently confer advantageous traits underlying their invasive potential.
温度调节海洋变温动物的生理机能，影响其生存、丰度和物种分布。虽然本地物种可能容易受到海洋变暖的影响，但热耐受性可能有利于非本地物种的传播。入侵物种对气候变化的成功适应受到环境驱动因素的累积、协同或拮抗作用的影响，这些因素在地理和时间尺度上存在差异。因此，生物体的驯化或适应潜力可能通过使物种对环境胁迫条件具有耐受性或调节其耐受性而发挥重要的进化作用。我们研究了来自人为干扰和对照地点的海鞘早期生命阶段对极端天气事件（即海洋热浪）的发育表现。受精率、胚胎和幼虫发育、附着、变态成功和幼体心率被评估为实验终点。除了受精率和心率外，温度影响所有分析的终点。来自对照地点的幼虫受高温条件的负面影响最大。相比之下，来自人为干扰地点的幼虫对热应激表现出积极的反应，在较高的温度条件下观察到更多的幼虫发育、附着和变态成功。在采样种群和实验温度条件下，心率没有差异。此外，温度和种群之间的相互作用对胚胎和幼虫发育以及变态具有统计学意义。我们假设，人为压力引起的选择可能会塑造物种在其原生范围内的应激弹性，并随后赋予其入侵潜力的有利特征。
