State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2021 Feb 26;49(4):1886-1899. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab014.
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a byproduct of glycolysis that functions in diverse mammalian developmental processes and diseases and in plant responses to various stresses, including salt stress. However, it is unknown whether MG-regulated gene expression is associated with an epigenetic modification. Here we report that MG methylglyoxalates H3 including H3K4 and increases chromatin accessibility, consistent with the result that H3 methylglyoxalation positively correlates with gene expression. Salt stress also increases H3 methylglyoxalation at salt stress responsive genes correlated to their higher expression. Following exposure to salt stress, salt stress responsive genes were expressed at higher levels in the Arabidopsis glyI2 mutant than in wild-type plants, but at lower levels in 35S::GLYI2 35S::GLYII4 plants, consistent with the higher and lower MG accumulation and H3 methylglyoxalation of target genes in glyI2 and 35S::GLYI2 35S::GLYII4, respectively. Further, ABI3 and MYC2, regulators of salt stress responsive genes, affect the distribution of H3 methylglyoxalation at salt stress responsive genes. Thus, MG functions as a histone-modifying group associated with gene expression that links glucose metabolism and epigenetic regulation.
甲基乙二醛（MG）是糖酵解的副产物，它在多种哺乳动物发育过程和疾病中发挥作用，在植物对各种应激的反应中也发挥作用，包括盐胁迫。然而，目前尚不清楚 MG 调节的基因表达是否与表观遗传修饰有关。在这里，我们报告说，MG 使 H3 甲基乙二醛化，包括 H3K4，并增加染色质可及性，这与 H3 甲基乙二醛化与基因表达呈正相关的结果一致。盐胁迫也增加了与高表达相关的盐胁迫应答基因的 H3 甲基乙二醛化。在暴露于盐胁迫后，盐胁迫应答基因在拟南芥 glyI2 突变体中的表达水平高于野生型植物，但在 35S::GLYI2 35S::GLYII4 植物中的表达水平较低，这与 glyI2 和 35S::GLYI2 35S::GLYII4 中靶基因的 MG 积累和 H3 甲基乙二醛化水平较高和较低相对应。此外，ABI3 和 MYC2，盐胁迫应答基因的调节剂，影响 H3 甲基乙二醛化在盐胁迫应答基因上的分布。因此，MG 作为一种与基因表达相关的组蛋白修饰基团，将葡萄糖代谢和表观遗传调控联系起来。
