Wang Shanshan, Zhang Dujuan, Fang Bei, Liu Xingping, Yan Guoli, Sui Guanghong, Huang Qingwei, Sun Ling, Wang Suogang
School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
Department of Interventional Radiology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China.
Neuroscience. 2021 Mar 1;457:103-113. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.12.038. Epub 2021 Jan 19.
Altered functional networks in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been frequently reported, but effective connectivity has hardly been studied. Especially the differences of effective connectivity in children with ADHD after receiving neurofeedback (NF) training have been merely reported. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effective networks of ADHD and the positive influence of NF on the effective networks. Electroencephalogram (EEG) data were recorded from 22 children with ADHD (including data from children pretraining and posttraining) and 15 age-matched healthy controls during an eyes-closed resting state. Phase transfer entropy (PTE) was used to construct the effective connectivity. The topological properties of networks and flow gain were measured separately in four bands (delta, theta, alpha, and beta). Results revealed the following: pretraining children with ADHD manifested a higher clustering coefficient and lower characteristic path length in the delta band than healthy controls; weakened anterior-to-posterior flow gain in the delta band, strengthened posterior-to-anterior flow gain in the alpha band and strengthened anterior-to-posterior flow gain in the beta band were observed in pretraining children with ADHD; The topological properties and flow gain in posttraining children with ADHD were close to those of healthy controls. Moreover, parent's SWAN presented significant improvements of ADHD symptoms after NF. Our findings revealed that the effective connectivity of ADHD was altered and that NF could improve the brain function of ADHD. The present study provided the first evidence that children with ADHD differed from healthy children in phase-based effective connectivity and that NF could reduce the differences.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）中功能网络改变的情况已有诸多报道，但有效连接性却鲜有研究。尤其是ADHD患儿接受神经反馈（NF）训练后有效连接性的差异仅有少量报道。因此，本研究旨在探究ADHD的有效网络以及NF对有效网络的积极影响。在闭眼静息状态下，记录了22名ADHD患儿（包括训练前和训练后的数据）以及15名年龄匹配的健康对照儿童的脑电图（EEG）数据。使用相位转移熵（PTE）构建有效连接性。分别在四个频段（δ、θ、α和β）测量网络的拓扑属性和流量增益。结果显示：训练前，ADHD患儿在δ频段的聚类系数高于健康对照，特征路径长度低于健康对照；训练前的ADHD患儿在δ频段表现为从前向后的流量增益减弱，在α频段表现为从后向前的流量增益增强，在β频段表现为从前向后的流量增益增强；训练后的ADHD患儿的拓扑属性和流量增益与健康对照接近。此外，家长版的SWAN显示，NF后ADHD症状有显著改善。我们的研究结果表明，ADHD的有效连接性发生了改变，NF可以改善ADHD的脑功能。本研究首次证明，ADHD患儿在基于相位的有效连接性方面与健康儿童存在差异，且NF可以减少这种差异。
