Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
Biomed Tech (Berl). 2022 Oct 6;68(2):133-146. doi: 10.1515/bmt-2022-0100. Print 2023 Apr 25.
Research shows that Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is related to a disorder in brain networks. The purpose of this study is to use an effective connectivity measure and graph theory to examine the impairments of brain connectivity in ADHD. Weighted directed graphs based on electroencephalography (EEG) signals of 61 children with ADHD and 60 healthy children were constructed. The edges between two nodes (electrodes) were calculated by Phase Transfer Entropy (PTE). PTE is calculated for five frequency bands: delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma. The graph theory measures were divided into two categories: global and local. Statistical analysis with global measures indicates that in children with ADHD, the segregation of brain connectivity increases while the integration of the brain connectivity decreases compared to healthy children. These brain network differences were identified in the delta and theta frequency bands. The classification accuracy of 89.4% is obtained for both in-degree and strength measures in the theta band. Our result indicated local graph measures classified ADHD and healthy subjects with accuracy of 91.2 and 90% in theta and delta bands, respectively. Our analysis may provide a new understanding of the differences in the EEG brain network of children with ADHD and healthy children.
研究表明，注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）与大脑网络的紊乱有关。本研究旨在使用有效连接度量和图论来检查 ADHD 患者大脑连接的损伤。基于 61 名 ADHD 儿童和 60 名健康儿童的脑电图（EEG）信号构建了加权有向图。两个节点（电极）之间的边缘通过相位转移熵（PTE）计算得出。PTE 计算五个频带：delta、theta、alpha、beta 和 gamma。图论度量分为全局和局部两类。全局度量的统计分析表明，与健康儿童相比，ADHD 儿童的大脑连接的分离度增加，而大脑连接的整合度降低。这些脑网络差异在 delta 和 theta 频段中被识别出来。在 theta 频段中，度和强度测度的分类准确率分别达到了 89.4%。我们的结果表明，在 theta 和 delta 频段中，局部图测度对 ADHD 和健康受试者的分类准确率分别为 91.2%和 90%。我们的分析可能为理解 ADHD 儿童和健康儿童的 EEG 脑网络差异提供新的认识。
