Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-2520, USA.
Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2021 Apr;48:100883. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100883. Epub 2020 Dec 11.
Total amygdala volumes develop in association with sex and puberty, and postmortem studies find neuronal numbers increase in a nuclei specific fashion across development. Thus, amygdala subregions and composition may evolve with age. Our goal was to examine if amygdala subregion absolute volumes and/or relative proportion varies as a function of age, sex, or puberty in a large sample of typically developing adolescents (N = 408, 43 % female, 10-17 years). Utilizing the in vivo CIT168 atlas, we quantified 9 subregions and implemented Generalized Additive Mixed Models to capture potential non-linear associations with age and pubertal status between sexes. Only males showed significant age associations with the basolateral ventral and paralaminar subdivision (BLVPL), central nucleus (CEN), and amygdala transition area (ATA). Again, only males showed relative differences in the proportion of the BLVPL, CEN, ATA, along with lateral (LA) and amygdalostriatal transition area (ASTA), with age. Using a best-fit modeling approach, age, and not puberty, was found to drive these associations. The results suggest that amygdala subregions show unique variations with age in males across adolescence. Future research is warranted to determine if our findings may contribute to sex differences in mental health that emerge across adolescence.
杏仁核总容积与性别和青春期有关，尸检研究发现，神经元数量在整个发育过程中以特定核的方式增加。因此，杏仁核亚区和组成可能会随着年龄的增长而演变。我们的目标是在一个典型的青少年（N=408，43%为女性，年龄为 10-17 岁）的大样本中，检查杏仁核亚区的绝对容积和/或相对比例是否随年龄、性别或青春期而变化。利用体内 CIT168 图谱，我们对 9 个亚区进行了量化，并实施了广义加性混合模型，以捕捉男女之间与年龄和青春期状态的潜在非线性关联。只有男性与基底外侧腹侧和旁区（BLVPL）、中央核（CEN）和杏仁核过渡区（ATA）有显著的年龄相关性。同样，只有男性显示出 BLVPL、CEN、ATA 以及外侧（LA）和杏仁核纹状体过渡区（ASTA）的比例随年龄的相对差异，这与年龄有关。使用最佳拟合建模方法，发现是年龄而不是青春期驱动这些关联。结果表明，在青春期，男性的杏仁核亚区随着年龄的增长而表现出独特的变化。未来的研究需要确定我们的发现是否可能导致青春期出现的心理健康方面的性别差异。
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