Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.
Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2021 Feb;66:83-92. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.12.018. Epub 2021 Jan 18.
Exosomes are secreted small extracellular vesicles (EVs) packaged with diverse biological cargo. They mediate complex intercellular communications among cells in maintenance of normal physiology or to trigger profound disease progression. Increasing numbers of studies have identified exosome-mediated functions contributing to cancer progression, including roles in paracrine cell-to-cell communication, stromal reprogramming, angiogenesis, and immune responses. Despite the growing body of knowledge, the specific role of exosomes in mediating pre-cancerous conditions is not fully understood and their ability to transform a healthy cell is still controversial. Here we review recent studies describing functions attributed to exosomes in different stages of carcinogenesis. We also explore how exosomes ultimately contribute to the progression of a primary tumor to metastatic disease.
外泌体是一种分泌的小型细胞外囊泡 (EV)，其中包裹着多种生物货物。它们介导细胞之间的复杂细胞间通讯，以维持正常的生理机能或触发严重的疾病进展。越来越多的研究已经确定了外泌体介导的功能有助于癌症的进展，包括旁分泌细胞间通讯、基质重编程、血管生成和免疫反应的作用。尽管相关知识不断增加，但外泌体在介导癌前状态中的具体作用仍不完全清楚，它们使健康细胞癌变的能力仍存在争议。在这里，我们回顾了描述外泌体在癌变不同阶段所发挥的功能的最新研究。我们还探讨了外泌体最终如何促进原发性肿瘤向转移性疾病的进展。
