Hirsch Katie R, Smith-Ryan Abbie E, Trexler Eric T, Roelofs Erica J
Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
J Strength Cond Res. 2016 May;30(5):1231-8. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001203.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate event-specific body composition and muscle characteristics of track and field athletes and to assess body composition changes after 1 year. Sixty collegiate track and field athletes (mean ± SD; age = 19.2 ± 1.4 years, height = 174.6 ± 9.0 cm, and weight = 71.5 ± 12.5 kg) were stratified into 6 event groups. Total and regional body composition measurements were assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. A panoramic scan of the vastus lateralis was taken with B-mode ultrasound to determine muscle cross-sectional area and echo intensity (EI). Body composition measurements were repeated a year later in a subset of returning athletes (n = 33). Throwers had significantly more absolute fat mass (FM; 21.6 ± 11.0 kg), total body mass (89.7 ± 17.4 kg), percent fat (23.6 ± 7.8), and trunk fat (9.4 ± 5.8 kg) than all other event groups (p ≤ 0.05). Throwers had the most absolute lean mass (LM; 64.2 ± 11.7 kg; p > 0.05), but relative to body mass had relatively less LM (0.72 ± 0.08 kg; p ≤ 0.05). Despite high FM, throwers had lower EI (63.4 ± 5.2 a.u). After 1 year, relative armLM increased slightly in all event groups (p ≤ 0.05). Evaluation of muscle characteristics in addition to total and regional body composition may be valuable for improving performance, injury prevention, and assessing health risks. With appropriate training, track and field athletes may be able to minimize losses in LM and gains in FM between seasons.
本研究的目的是评估田径运动员特定项目的身体成分和肌肉特征，并评估1年后的身体成分变化。60名大学田径运动员（平均值±标准差；年龄=19.2±1.4岁，身高=174.6±9.0厘米，体重=71.5±12.5千克）被分为6个项目组。使用双能X线吸收法评估全身和局部身体成分。用B型超声对股外侧肌进行全景扫描，以确定肌肉横截面积和回声强度（EI）。一年后，对一部分回归运动员（n = 33）重复进行身体成分测量。投掷运动员的绝对脂肪量（FM；21.6±11.0千克）、总体重（89.7±17.4千克）、体脂百分比（23.6±7.8）和躯干脂肪（9.4±5.8千克）显著高于所有其他项目组（p≤0.05）。投掷运动员的绝对瘦体重（LM；64.2±11.7千克；p>0.05）最多，但相对于体重而言，LM相对较少（0.72±0.08千克；p≤0.05）。尽管FM较高，但投掷运动员的EI较低（63.4±5.2任意单位）。1年后，所有项目组的相对手臂LM均略有增加（p≤0.05）。除了评估全身和局部身体成分外，评估肌肉特征对于提高运动成绩、预防损伤和评估健康风险可能具有重要价值。通过适当的训练，田径运动员或许能够在不同赛季间尽量减少瘦体重的流失和脂肪量的增加。
