Technical Biology, Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences II, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
CIRAD, UMR QualiSud, F-34398 Montpellier, France.
Molecules. 2021 Jan 18;26(2):470. doi: 10.3390/molecules26020470.
Glycolipids are non-ionic surfactants occurring in numerous products of daily life. Due to their surface-activity, emulsifying properties, and foaming abilities, they can be applied in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Enzymatic synthesis of glycolipids based on carbohydrates and free fatty acids or esters is often catalyzed using certain acyltransferases in reaction media of low water activity, e.g., organic solvents or notably Deep Eutectic Systems (DESs). Existing reports describing integrated processes for glycolipid production from renewables use many reaction steps, therefore this study aims at simplifying the procedure. By using microwave dielectric heating, DESs preparation was first accelerated considerably. A comparative study revealed a preparation time on average 16-fold faster than the conventional heating method in an incubator. Furthermore, lipids from robust oleaginous yeast biomass were successfully extracted up to 70% without using the pre-treatment method for cell disruption, limiting logically the energy input necessary for such process. Acidified DESs consisting of either xylitol or sorbitol and choline chloride mediated the one-pot process, allowing subsequent conversion of the lipids into mono-acylated palmitate, oleate, linoleate, and stearate sugar alcohol esters. Thus, we show strong evidence that addition of immobilized Lipase B (Novozym 435), in acidified DES mixture, enables a simplified and fast glycolipid synthesis using directly oleaginous yeast biomass.
糖脂是日常生活中许多产品中存在的非离子型表面活性剂。由于其表面活性、乳化性能和起泡能力，它们可以应用于食品、化妆品和制药领域。基于碳水化合物和游离脂肪酸或酯的糖脂的酶促合成通常在低水活度的反应介质中使用某些酰基转移酶进行催化，例如有机溶剂或显著的深共熔溶剂 (DES)。现有的描述从可再生资源生产糖脂的综合工艺的报告使用了许多反应步骤，因此本研究旨在简化该程序。通过使用微波介电热，DES 的制备首先大大加快。比较研究表明，与在培养箱中使用常规加热方法相比，制备时间平均快 16 倍。此外，无需使用细胞破碎的预处理方法，从鲁棒性油脂酵母生物质中成功提取了高达 70%的脂质，从而合理限制了该过程所需的能量输入。由木糖醇或山梨糖醇和氯化胆碱组成的酸化 DES 介导一锅法工艺，允许随后将脂质转化为单酰化棕榈酸酯、油酸酯、亚油酸酯和硬脂酸糖醇酯。因此，我们有力地证明了在酸化的 DES 混合物中添加固定化脂肪酶 B（Novozym 435）可以使用直接的油脂酵母生物质简化和快速合成糖脂。
