Wang Dongyang, Wu Junjie, Ding Jiangfang, Liu Yingwen, Huang Anqi, Yang Xuejun
Institute for Quantum Information & State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing, College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
Entropy (Basel). 2021 Jan 18;23(1):122. doi: 10.3390/e23010122.
According to the relevant theories on duality relation, the summation of the extractable information of a quanton's wave and particle properties, which are characterized by interference visibility and path distinguishability , respectively, is limited. However, this relation is violated upon quantum superposition between the wave-state and particle-state of the quanton, which is caused by the quantum beamsplitter (QBS). Along another line, recent studies have considered quantum coherence in the l1-norm measure as a candidate for the wave property. In this study, we propose an interferometer with a quantum which-path detector (QWPD) and examine the generalized duality relation based on . We find that this relationship still holds under such a circumstance, but the interference between these two properties causes the full-particle property to be observed when the QWPD system is partially present. Using a pair of polarization-entangled photons, we experimentally verify our analysis in the two-path case. This study extends the duality relation between coherence and path information to the quantum case and reveals the effect of quantum superposition on the duality relation.
根据关于二元性关系的相关理论，分别以干涉可见度和路径可区分性为特征的量子的波和粒子属性的可提取信息之和是有限的。然而，由量子分束器（QBS）引起的量子在波态和粒子态之间的量子叠加会违反这种关系。另一方面，最近的研究将l1范数度量中的量子相干视为波属性的一个候选者。在本研究中，我们提出了一种带有量子路径探测器（QWPD）的干涉仪，并基于此研究广义二元性关系。我们发现，在这种情况下这种关系仍然成立，但这两种属性之间的干涉会导致当QWPD系统部分存在时观察到完全粒子属性。我们使用一对偏振纠缠光子，在双路径情况下通过实验验证了我们的分析。本研究将相干性和路径信息之间的二元性关系扩展到了量子情况，并揭示了量子叠加对二元性关系的影响。
