Maes S, Schlösser M
Health Psychology, Tilburg University, The Netherlands.
Soc Sci Med. 1988;26(3):359-64. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(88)90401-7.
Starting from a prior study, in which cognitive and coping variables proved to be related to well-being, the use of medical resources and the absence from work in asthmatic patients, the authors constructed a cognitive-educational (a combination of health education and rational emotive behaviour modification) intervention programme aiming at altering coping behaviour in asthmatic patients in order to influence emotional distress and use of medical resources. The effects of the programme were assessed by means of a pre-test-post-test control group design. The programme was offered to ten patients and their partners. Both before and after the intervention cognitive attitudes (optimism, locus of control, and shame or stigma), coping behaviour in attack situations (minimizing the seriousness of the attack, rational action and reacting emotionally), coping in daily life (maintaining a restrictive life-style, focussing on asthma and hiding asthma), emotional distress (anxiety, anger, and depression), and the use of medication were measured in the experimental and control group. It was found that patients who received the programme became less preoccupied with their asthma and reported significantly less emotional distress (anxiety and anger) in daily life. In addition, they used less maintenance medication (corticosteroids). The authors wish to stress the importance of using medical variables such as the number of attacks as covariates in this type of research.
从先前一项研究出发，该研究证明认知和应对变量与幸福感、医疗资源的使用以及哮喘患者的缺勤情况相关，作者构建了一个认知教育（健康教育与合理情绪行为矫正相结合）干预项目，旨在改变哮喘患者的应对行为，以影响情绪困扰和医疗资源的使用。该项目的效果通过前测-后测对照组设计进行评估。该项目提供给了10名患者及其伴侣。在干预前后，对实验组和对照组测量了认知态度（乐观、控制点以及羞耻或污名感）、发作情况下的应对行为（将发作的严重性最小化、理性行动和情绪反应）、日常生活中的应对方式（保持受限的生活方式、关注哮喘和隐瞒哮喘病情）、情绪困扰（焦虑、愤怒和抑郁）以及药物使用情况。结果发现，接受该项目的患者对哮喘的关注减少，并且报告在日常生活中情绪困扰（焦虑和愤怒）明显减轻。此外，他们使用的维持药物（皮质类固醇）减少。作者希望强调在这类研究中使用诸如发作次数等医学变量作为协变量的重要性。
