Research Division of Mind and Brain, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
Faculty of Philosophy, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Transl Psychiatry. 2021 Jan 21;11(1):67. doi: 10.1038/s41398-020-01150-4.
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is not only a threat to physical health but is also having severe impacts on mental health. Although increases in stress-related symptomatology and other adverse psycho-social outcomes, as well as their most important risk factors have been described, hardly anything is known about potential protective factors. Resilience refers to the maintenance of mental health despite adversity. To gain mechanistic insights about the relationship between described psycho-social resilience factors and resilience specifically in the current crisis, we assessed resilience factors, exposure to Corona crisis-specific and general stressors, as well as internalizing symptoms in a cross-sectional online survey conducted in 24 languages during the most intense phase of the lockdown in Europe (22 March to 19 April) in a convenience sample of N = 15,970 adults. Resilience, as an outcome, was conceptualized as good mental health despite stressor exposure and measured as the inverse residual between actual and predicted symptom total score. Preregistered hypotheses (osf.io/r6btn) were tested with multiple regression models and mediation analyses. Results confirmed our primary hypothesis that positive appraisal style (PAS) is positively associated with resilience (p < 0.0001). The resilience factor PAS also partly mediated the positive association between perceived social support and resilience, and its association with resilience was in turn partly mediated by the ability to easily recover from stress (both p < 0.0001). In comparison with other resilience factors, good stress response recovery and positive appraisal specifically of the consequences of the Corona crisis were the strongest factors. Preregistered exploratory subgroup analyses (osf.io/thka9) showed that all tested resilience factors generalize across major socio-demographic categories. This research identifies modifiable protective factors that can be targeted by public mental health efforts in this and in future pandemics.
SARS-CoV-2 大流行不仅对身体健康构成威胁，还对心理健康造成严重影响。虽然已经描述了与压力相关的症状和其他不良心理社会后果的增加，以及它们最重要的风险因素，但几乎不知道潜在的保护因素。韧性是指在逆境中保持心理健康。为了深入了解描述的心理社会韧性因素与当前危机中具体的韧性之间的关系，我们评估了在欧洲封锁最紧张阶段（3 月 22 日至 4 月 19 日）以便利样本进行的一项横断面在线调查中的韧性因素、对冠状病毒危机特异性和一般性应激源的暴露，以及 24 种语言中的 15970 名成年人的内化症状。作为结果的韧性被概念化为尽管存在应激源暴露，但仍保持良好的心理健康，并作为实际和预测症状总分之间的逆残差来衡量。预先注册的假设（osf.io/r6btn）使用多元回归模型和中介分析进行了测试。结果证实了我们的主要假设，即积极的评价风格（PAS）与韧性呈正相关（p<0.0001）。韧性因素 PAS 也部分中介了感知社会支持与韧性之间的正相关关系，而其与韧性的关系又部分由从压力中轻松恢复的能力介导（均为 p<0.0001）。与其他韧性因素相比，良好的应激反应恢复和对冠状病毒危机后果的积极评价是最强的因素。预先注册的探索性亚组分析（osf.io/thka9）表明，所有测试的韧性因素都普遍适用于主要社会人口统计学类别。这项研究确定了可修改的保护因素，可以作为当前和未来大流行中公共心理健康努力的目标。
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