Vater Anke Lisa, Zandt Elisabeth, Maierl Johann
Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chair of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2021 Sep;304(9):1999-2013. doi: 10.1002/ar.24588. Epub 2021 Feb 2.
The gastric anatomy of the alpaca (Vicugna pacos) is adapted to the physiological process of ruminating and the degradation of plant cell wall contents to a great extent. Most alpaca husbandries consist of only few animals and with the still increasing number of alpacas worldwide the number of persons who are responsible for these animals is increasing as well. Despite this, little research has been done with regard to the clinical anatomy of the stomach of alpacas. Six animals were used for dissection. The vascular system of two alpacas was injected with latex milk to illustrate the course of the blood supply to the viscera. One stomach was used to prepare formalin-fixed preparations. The stomach consisted of three compartments (C1-C3) and showed two sacculated areas in C1 and another comb-like system in C2. The compartments were lined by a smooth mucosa. Only the deep cells of C2 were lined by a papillated mucosa. The main blood supply was provided by the coeliac artery which was divided into the hepatic artery and the left gastric artery, supplying abdominal organs like liver, spleen, pancreas, and the initial part of the duodenum. Literature research on the llama stomach showed that the alpaca stomachs that were used resembled each other to a very large degree. The specific design of the stomach together with its related functions and physiological processes confirm that the evolution of Tylopoda and Ruminantia took place in parallel and not in homology.
羊驼（Vicugna pacos）的胃部解剖结构在很大程度上适应了反刍的生理过程以及植物细胞壁成分的降解。大多数羊驼养殖规模较小，且随着全球羊驼数量的持续增加，负责照料这些动物的人员数量也在增加。尽管如此，关于羊驼胃部临床解剖学的研究却很少。本研究使用了6只动物进行解剖。对其中2只羊驼的血管系统注射了乳胶乳剂，以显示内脏的血液供应路径。用1只羊驼的胃制作了福尔马林固定标本。羊驼的胃由三个腔室（C1 - C3）组成，在C1中有两个囊状区域，在C2中有另一个梳状系统。这些腔室由光滑的黏膜覆盖。只有C2的深层细胞由乳头状黏膜覆盖。主要血液供应由腹腔动脉提供，该动脉分为肝动脉和胃左动脉，为肝脏、脾脏、胰腺和十二指肠起始部等腹部器官供血。对美洲驼胃部的文献研究表明，本研究中所使用的羊驼胃在很大程度上彼此相似。胃的特殊结构及其相关功能和生理过程证实，胼足亚目和反刍亚目的进化是并行发生的，而非同源。
