Blank Park Zoo, Des Moines, Iowa 50315, USA.
Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
J Zoo Wildl Med. 2021 Jan;51(4):834-840. doi: 10.1638/2019-0177.
Captured free-ranging North American river otters () were immobilized for the placement of intra-abdominal radio transmitters in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources. Twenty-four otters were induced with dexmedetomidine (0.03 mg/kg, IM), butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg, IM), and midazolam (0.15 mg/kg, IM) combined in one syringe. The otters were maintained on isoflurane during the surgical procedure. Heart rate and rhythm, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, and peripheral capillary oxygen saturation were recorded every 5 min for the duration of the procedures. The otters were reversed with atipamezole (0.3-2 mg/kg, IM), naltrexone (0.6 mg/kg, IM), and flumazenil (0.05 mg/kg, IM). Rapid and smooth induction was seen, with lateral recumbency reached within 6.2 ± 5.6 min. Episodes of resedation were seen in four otters that received 0.3 mg/kg atipamezole so the dose was increased to 1 mg/kg, and no further resedation events were noted. Two fatal complications occurred secondary to suspected respiratory arrest during recovery. This drug protocol provided a smooth and rapid induction in free-ranging river otters, but further research is required to determine the safety of this protocol for river otters in both zoo and free-ranging situations.
为了与爱荷华州自然资源部合作，将腹腔内无线电发射机植入自由放养的北美水獭体内，对其进行了麻醉。24 只水獭被联合使用 0.03mg/kg 的右美托咪定（DEX）、0.2mg/kg 的布托啡诺（BT）和 0.15mg/kg 的咪达唑仑（MDZ）进行诱导麻醉，但在整个手术过程中，水獭仍维持异氟烷麻醉。记录了心率和节律、呼吸频率、直肠温度和外周毛细血管血氧饱和度，持续时间为 5 分钟。水獭使用阿替美唑（AT）、纳曲酮（NTX）和氟马西尼（FLM）进行反转麻醉，剂量分别为 0.3-2mg/kg、0.6mg/kg 和 0.05mg/kg。麻醉诱导迅速平稳，6.2±5.6min 后即可达到侧卧姿势。4 只水獭接受 0.3mg/kg 的阿替美唑后出现再镇静，所以将剂量增加到 1mg/kg，此后未再出现再镇静事件。有 2 例因怀疑在恢复期发生呼吸暂停而导致的致命并发症。该药物方案为自由放养的水獭提供了平稳而迅速的诱导，但仍需要进一步研究来确定该方案在动物园和自由放养环境下对水獭的安全性。
