Crnogorac Ana, Panno Stefano, Mandić Ana, Gašpar Mladen, Caruso Andrea Giovanni, Noris Emanuela, Davino Salvatore, Matić Slavica
Federal Agromediterranean Institute of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
PLoS One. 2021 Jan 22;16(1):e0245959. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245959. eCollection 2021.
The sanitary status of grapevines has not yet been considered sufficiently in vineyards throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). An extensive survey of five major grapevine viruses in the country was carried out in 2019. A total of 630 samples from the two dominant autochthonous cultivars, named Žilavka and Blatina, were tested by DAS-ELISA for the presence of grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaV-1 and 3), grapevine fleck virus (GFkV), grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) and Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV). Eighty-eight % of the samples were positive for at least one virus, and all five viruses were detected, thought with different incidence, i.e. GLRaV-3 (84%), GFLV (43%), GLRaV-1 (14%), GFkV (10%) and ArMV (0.2%). The majority of infected plants (about 75%) were asymptomatic. Specific virus symptoms were observed in the remaining infected plants, together with the reported GLRaV vectors, Planococcus ficus and Parthenolecanium corni, while nematodes of the Xiphinema genus were not found in the GFLV- or ArMV-infected vineyards. The GLRaV-3 CP phylogenetic analyses showed 75-100% nucleotide identity between the BiH and reference isolates, and the BiH isolates clustered into the major group. The dNS/dS ratio indicated a negative selection of the virus population, and the lack of geographical structuring within the population was observed. In addition, putative GLRaV-3 recombinants with breakpoints in the 5' of the CP gene were detected, while no recombinant strains were identified for the other four viruses. The obtained results indicate a deteriorated sanitary status of the cultivated grapevines, the prevalence and intraspecies genetic diversity of GLRaV-3 throughout the country. The establishment of certified grapevine material and adequate virus vector control is therefore of primary importance to prevent further spread of these viruses. This study presents the results of the first molecular characterisation of grapevine viruses in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
在波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那（波黑）的葡萄园里，葡萄树的卫生状况尚未得到充分重视。2019年，该国对五种主要的葡萄病毒进行了广泛调查。通过双抗夹心酶联免疫吸附测定（DAS-ELISA），对来自两个主要本土品种“日拉夫卡”（Žilavka）和“布拉蒂纳”（Blatina）的630个样本进行检测，以确定是否存在葡萄卷叶相关病毒（GLRaV-1和3）、葡萄斑点病毒（GFkV）、葡萄扇叶病毒（GFLV）和南芥菜花叶病毒（ArMV）。88%的样本至少对一种病毒呈阳性反应，并且检测到了所有五种病毒，不过其发生率各不相同，即GLRaV-3（84%）、GFLV（43%）、GLRaV-1（14%）、GFkV（10%）和ArMV（0.2%）。大多数受感染的植株（约75%）没有症状。在其余受感染的植株中观察到了特定的病毒症状，同时还发现了已报道的GLRaV载体，即无花果蜡蚧（Planococcus ficus）和角蜡蚧（Parthenolecanium corni），而在感染GFLV或ArMV的葡萄园里未发现剑线虫属（Xiphinema）的线虫。GLRaV-3外壳蛋白（CP）的系统发育分析表明，波黑分离株与参考分离株之间的核苷酸同一性为75%-100%，并且波黑分离株聚为主要类群。dNS/dS比率表明该病毒群体存在负选择，并且在群体中未观察到地理结构。此外，检测到了在CP基因5'端有断点的假定GLRaV-3重组体，而其他四种病毒未鉴定出重组菌株。所得结果表明，栽培葡萄树的卫生状况恶化，GLRaV-3在全国范围内普遍存在且具有种内遗传多样性。因此，建立经过认证的葡萄材料并对病毒载体进行适当控制对于防止这些病毒的进一步传播至关重要。本研究展示了波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那葡萄病毒首次分子特征分析的结果。
