Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, Glasgow Dental School and Hospital, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Crit Rev Microbiol. 2021 Feb;47(1):91-111. doi: 10.1080/1040841X.2020.1843400. Epub 2021 Jan 22.
is a common fungus of the human microbiota. While generally a harmless commensal in healthy individuals, several factors can lead to its overgrowth and cause a range of complications within the host, from localized superficial infections to systemic life-threatening disseminated candidiasis. A major virulence factor of is its ability to form biofilms, a closely packed community of cells that can grow on both abiotic and biotic substrates, including implanted medical devices and mucosal surfaces. These biofilms are extremely hard to eradicate, are resistant to conventional antifungal treatment and are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, making biofilm-associated infections a major clinical challenge. Here, we review the current knowledge of the processes involved in biofilm formation and development, including the central processes of adhesion, extracellular matrix production and the transcriptional network that regulates biofilm development. We also consider the advantages of the biofilm lifestyle and explore polymicrobial interactions within multispecies biofilms that are formed by and selected microbial species.
是人类微生物群中的一种常见真菌。虽然在健康个体中通常是无害的共生菌，但有几个因素会导致其过度生长，并在宿主中引起一系列并发症，从局部浅表感染到全身危及生命的播散性念珠菌病。的一个主要毒力因素是其形成生物膜的能力，生物膜是一种紧密堆积的细胞群落，可以在非生物和生物基质上生长，包括植入的医疗设备和黏膜表面。这些生物膜极难根除，对常规抗真菌治疗有耐药性，并与高发病率和死亡率相关，使生物膜相关感染成为一个主要的临床挑战。在这里，我们回顾了参与生物膜形成和发展的过程的现有知识，包括粘附、细胞外基质产生和调节生物膜发育的转录网络的核心过程。我们还考虑了生物膜生活方式的优势，并探讨了由和选定的微生物物种形成的多物种生物膜中的微生物相互作用。
