Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306/354, 00142, Rome, Italy.
Department of Sport and Sport Science, Institute of Biology, University of Freiburg, Germany.
Brain Stimul. 2021 Mar-Apr;14(2):277-283. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.01.007. Epub 2021 Jan 20.
it is well-known that the cerebellum is critical for the integrity of motor and cognitive actions. Applying non-invasive brain stimulation techniques over this region results in neurophysiological and behavioural changes, which have been associated with the modulation of cerebellar-cerebral cortex connectivity. Here, we investigated whether online application of cerebellar transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) results in changes to this pathway.
thirteen healthy individuals participated in two sessions of cerebellar tACS delivered at different frequencies (5Hz and 50Hz). We used transcranial magnetic stimulation to measure cerebellar-motor cortex (M1) inhibition (CBI), short-intracortical inhibition (SICI) and short-afferent inhibition (SAI) before, during and after the application of tACS.
we found that CBI was specifically strengthened during the application of 5Hz cerebellar tACS. No changes were detected immediately following the application of 5Hz stimulation, nor at any time point with 50Hz stimulation. We also found no changes to M1 intracortical circuits (i.e. SICI) or sensorimotor interaction (i.e. SAI), indicating that the effects of 5Hz tACS over the cerebellum are site-specific.
cerebellar tACS can modulate cerebellar excitability in a time- and frequency-dependent manner. Additionally, cerebellar tACS does not appear to induce any long-lasting effects (i.e. plasticity), suggesting that stimulation enhances oscillations within the cerebellum only throughout the stimulation period. As such, cerebellar tACS may have significant implications for diseases manifesting with abnormal cerebellar oscillatory activity and also for future behavioural studies.
众所周知，小脑对于运动和认知行为的完整性至关重要。在该区域施加非侵入性脑刺激技术会导致神经生理和行为变化，这些变化与小脑-大脑皮层连接的调制有关。在这里，我们研究了小脑经颅交流电刺激（tACS）的在线应用是否会导致该途径的变化。
13 名健康个体参加了两次不同频率（5Hz 和 50Hz）的小脑 tACS 治疗。我们使用经颅磁刺激来测量小脑-运动皮层（M1）抑制（CBI）、短皮质内抑制（SICI）和短传入抑制（SAI）在 tACS 应用前后。
我们发现，在应用 5Hz 小脑 tACS 时，CBI 特异性增强。在应用 5Hz 刺激后立即未检测到变化，也未在任何时间点用 50Hz 刺激检测到变化。我们也没有发现 M1 皮质内回路（即 SICI）或感觉运动相互作用（即 SAI）的变化，这表明小脑 5Hz tACS 的影响是特定于部位的。
小脑 tACS 可以以时间和频率依赖的方式调节小脑兴奋性。此外，小脑 tACS 似乎不会引起任何持久的影响（即可塑性），这表明刺激仅在刺激期间增强小脑内的振荡。因此，小脑 tACS 可能对表现出异常小脑振荡活动的疾病以及未来的行为研究具有重要意义。
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