Lima Bárbara D, Martins Laercio L, de Souza Eliane S, Pudenzi Marcos A, da Cruz Georgiana F
Laboratório de Engenharia e Exploração de Petróleo (LENEP), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), 27910-970 Macaé, RJ, Brazil.
Laboratório de Engenharia e Exploração de Petróleo (LENEP), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), 27910-970 Macaé, RJ, Brazil.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2021 Mar;164:111985. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.111985. Epub 2021 Jan 20.
To comprehensively understand the chemical changes over time of spilled oils subject to tropical climate conditions and the active weathering processes, a spill simulation experiment was conducted along 210 days with two distinct Brazilian oils (19 and 24 API) under irradiation and non-irradiation of sunlight. Isoprenoids and n-alkanes showed a great loss after 40 days for both oils under the two conditions due to evaporation. Diagnostic ratios of saturated biomarkers showed no changes, whereas the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons had a decreasing concentration under both conditions mainly due to evaporation. Furthermore, oxygenated polar compounds produced by photooxidation were investigated by ESI(-) FT-ICR MS and showed changes only for the oils exposed to sunlight irradiation. Based on the observed polar compositional changes, new parameters are suggested using heteroatom classes to estimate oil spill time under tropical conditions: NO/NO; NO/(NO + NO); ∑NO/N; (O + O)/(O + O); O/(O + O); and O/O.
为了全面了解热带气候条件下溢油随时间的化学变化以及活跃的风化过程，进行了一项为期210天的溢油模拟实验，使用两种不同的巴西原油（API分别为19和24），在有阳光照射和无阳光照射的条件下进行。由于蒸发，在两种条件下，两种原油在40天后类异戊二烯和正构烷烃都有大量损失。饱和生物标志物的诊断比值没有变化，而在两种条件下多环芳烃浓度下降主要是由于蒸发。此外，通过电喷雾负离子傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱（ESI(-) FT-ICR MS）研究了光氧化产生的氧化极性化合物，结果表明只有暴露在阳光照射下的原油发生了变化。基于观察到的极性成分变化，建议使用杂原子类别提出新的参数来估算热带条件下的溢油时间：NO/NO；NO/(NO + NO)；∑NO/N；(O + O)/(O + O)；O/(O + O)；以及O/O。
